Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics in pre-matched groups
Variables | Total | Levosimendan | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 150) | Yes (n = 51) | No (n = 99) | ||
Length of stay in hospital before VA-ECMO (days) | 5.1 ± 8.6 | 6.4 ± 8.5 | 4.4 ± 8.5 | 0.18 |
Length of stay in ICU before VA-ECMO (days) | 1.1 ± 4.1 | 0.6 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 4.9 | 0.16 |
Clinical characteristics at ICU admission | ||||
Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2 | 59.2 ± 19.7 | 55.5 ± 19.6 | 61 ± 19.5 | 0.1 |
Male | 98 (65.3) | 36 (70.6) | 62 (62.6) | 0.37 |
Age (years) | 53.4 ± 15 | 53.6 ± 15.4 | 53.2 ± 14.9 | 0.87 |
Body mass index > 30 kg/m2 | 33 (22) | 8 (15.7) | 25 (25.3) | 0.22 |
Previous coronary artery disease | 44 (29.3) | 17 (33.3) | 27 (27.3) | 0.45 |
Hypertension | 65 (43.3) | 20 (39.2) | 45 (45.5) | 0.49 |
Chronic renal failure with dialysis | 15 (10) | 6 (11.8) | 9 (9.1) | 0.78 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (5.3) | 3 (5.9) | 5 (5.1) | 1 |
Diabetes mellitus | 54 (36) | 19 (37.3) | 35 (35.4) | 0.86 |
History of congestive heart failure | 35 (23.3) | 17 (33.3) | 18 (18.2) | 0.04 |
Immunosuppression | 5 (3.3) | 2 (3.9) | 3 (3) | 1 |
Liver cirrhosis | 3 (2) | 2 (3.9) | 1 (1) | 0.27 |
Cancer | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 |
Smoking (current or former) | 47 (31.3) | 17 (33.3) | 30 (30.3) | 0.71 |
Hazardous alcohol use | 30 (20) | 11 (21.6) | 19 (19.2) | 0.83 |
Glasgow Coma Scale score | 12.7 ± 4.6 | 13.8 ± 3.6 | 12.2 ± 4.9 | 0.029 |
Catecholamines | 149 (99.3) | 51 (100) | 98 (99) | 1 |
Mechanical ventilation | 137 (91.3) | 47 (92.2) | 90 (90.9) | 1 |
Renal replacement therapy | 61 (40.7) | 20 (39.2) | 41 (41.4) | 0.86 |
Total bilirubin level (µmol/L) | 31.6 ± 39.8 | 35.5 ± 50.8 | 29.6 ± 32.9 | 0.49 |
Platelet count (G/L) | 154 ± 93 | 160 ± 107 | 151 ± 85 | 0.56 |
Prothrombin (%) | 47.5 ± 20 | 50.3 ± 16.8 | 46.1 ± 21.4 | 0.22 |
Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | 10.3 ± 7.5 | 11.5 ± 12.5 | 9.6 ± 2.3 | 0.16 |
Creatinine level (µmol/L) | 172 ± 138 | 173 ± 131 | 171 ± 143 | 0.45 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 19.9 ± 6.7 | 19.1 ± 6.8 | 20.3 ± 6.6 | 0.36 |
Reason for VA-ECMO | 0.024 | |||
Cardiac arrest | 4 (2.7) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (2) | |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 10 (6.7) | 5 (9.8) | 5 (5.1) | |
Myocarditis | 7 (4.7) | 1 (2) | 6 (6.1) | |
Acute myocardial infarction | 44 (29.3) | 14 (27.5) | 30 (30.3) | |
Post-cardiotomy | 49 (32.7) | 24 (47.1) | 25 (25.3) | |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 3 (2) | 0 | 3 (3) | |
Percutaneous implantation of VA-ECMO | 66 (44) | 21 (41.2) | 45 (45.5) | 0.73 |
Hemodynamic parameters (first 24 h post-VA-ECMO) | ||||
VA-ECMO flow (L/min) | 3.65 ± 0.62 | 3.87 ± 0.69 | 3.59 ± 0.61 | 0.29 |
Maximal dose of norepinephrine (µg/kg/min) | 0.74 ± 0.69 | 0.74 ± 0.62 | 0.74 ± 0.72 | 0.62 |
Maximal dose of Dobutamine (µg/kg/min) | 10.1 ± 4.3 | 10.7 ± 4.5 | 9.8 ± 4.2 | 0.32 |
Intra-aortic balloon pump | 42 (28) | 16 (31.4) | 26 (26.3) | 0.32 |
VA-ECMO duration (day) | 11.6 ± 11 | 12.3 ± 11.8 | 11.2 ± 10.6 | 0.23 |