Effects of chloride content of intravenous crystalloid solutions in critically ill adult patients: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized trials

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

References	No. of patients (analyzed/included)	Setting	Balanced crystalloid fluid type	Follow-up period	Volume of fluid in liters, mean ± SD, median (IQR)	Outcomes
References	No. of patients (analyzed/included)	Setting	Balanced crystalloid fluid type	Follow-up period	Volume of fluid in liters, mean ± SD, median (IQR)	Report on mortality	Report on new RRT use	Report on development of stage 2 or higher stage AKI
Waters et al. [20]	66/66	Perioperative transferred to ICU: abdominal aortic aneurysm repair	Lactated Ringers (LR)	In-hospital	Balanced: 6.9 (5.7–7.9) 0.9% saline: 7.0 (5.0–8.5)	√	×	√
Takil et al. [21]	30/30	Perioperative transferred to ICU: major spine surgery	LR	In-hospital	Balanced: 5.1 ± 0.9 0.9% saline: 5.1 ± 1.5	√	√	×
Van Zyl et al. [22]	54/57	Critically ill patients: diabetic ketoacidosis	LR	In-hospital	NR	√	×	×
Young et al. [23]	46/65	Critically ill patients: trauma	Plasma-Lyte	In-hospital at day 30	Balanced:10.3 ± 6.5 0.9% saline: 9.0 ± 5.5	√	×	√
Young et al. [9]	2262/2262	Critically ill patients: mixed	Plasma-Lyte	In-hospital	Balanced: 2.0 (1.0–3.5) 0.9% saline: 2.0 (1.0–3.2)	√	√	√
Verma et al. [24]	67/70	Critically ill patients: mixed	Plasma-Lyte	In-hospital	Balanced: 2.9 0.9% saline: 3.4	√	√	√
Semler et al. [25]	974/974	Critically ill patients: mixed	LR or Plasma-Lyte	60 days	Balanced: 1.6 (0.5–3.6) 0.9% saline: 1.4 (0.5–3.4)	√	√	√
Semler et al. [10]	15,802/15,802	Critically ill patients: mixed	LR or Plasma-Lyte	60 days	Balanced: 1.0 (0–3.0) 0.9% saline: 1.0 (0–3.0)	√	√	√

No. number, SD standard difference, IQR interquartile range, RRT renal replacement therapy, AKI acute kidney injury according to KDIGO criterion, LR lactated Ringers, NR no report