Management of hyperkalemia in the acutely ill patient

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Mechanisms contributing to the development of hyperkalemia

Mechanisms contributing to the development of hyperkalemia
Increased extracellular K⁺	Decreased K⁺ elimination
Tissue injury Hemolysis Rhabdomyolysis Tumor lysis syndrome K⁺ shift in extracellular space Mineral acidosis (i.e., hyperchoride acidosis) Succinylcholine Inability to enter into myocyte Diabetes mellitus Hyperglycemia Hypertonicity β₂-receptor antagonists Aldosterone blockers Cardiac glycosides High acute iatrogenic K⁺ load Increased dietary intake Blood transfusion Error of injection	AKI Hypovolemia Sepsis Acidosis treatment RAAS inhibitor Calcineurine inhibitor Cardiac glycosides