From: Pulmonary infections prime the development of subsequent ICU-acquired pneumonia in septic shock
Variables | Pulmonary ICU-AI (n = 139) | Non-pulmonary ICU-AI (n = 110) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Time from admission to ICU-AI (days) | 7 (5–11) | 8 (5–12) | 0.57 |
Sources of non-pulmonary ICU-AI | |||
Catheter | – | 47 (43) | |
Abdominal | – | 34 (31) | |
Skin and soft tissue | – | 15 (14) | |
Urinary | – | 5 (4) | |
Miscellaneous | – | 3 (3) | |
Unknown | – | 6 (5) | |
Microbiological documentation | 112 (80) | 85 (77) | 0.10 |
Positive blood culture | 11 (8) | 61 (55) | < 0.001 |
Distribution of pathogens | < 0.001 | ||
Gram-negative bacteria | |||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 39 (28) | 10 (9) | |
Escherichia coli | 18 (13) | 3 (2) | |
Enterobacter spp. | 15 (11) | 13 (12) | |
Klebsiella spp. | 13 (9) | 7 (6) | |
Serratia marcescens | 7 (5) | 0 (0) | |
Miscellaneous | 7 (5) | 1 (1) | |
Gram-positive bacteria | |||
Staphylococcus aureus | 6 (4) | 8 (7) | |
Enterococcus spp. | 1 (1) | 11 (10) | |
Miscellaneous | 2 (2) | 20 (19) | |
Fungi | |||
Candida albicans | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | |
Non-albicans Candida | 0 (0) | 6 (5) | |
Aspergillus fumigatus | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | |
Miscellaneous | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | |
Virus | |||
Cytomegalovirus | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | |
Further episodes of ICU-AI | 0.08 | ||
None | 85 (61) | 72 (65) | |
1 episode | 25 (18) | 26 (24) | |
≥ 2 episodes | 29 (21) | 12 (11) |