Table 1 Patient and cardiac arrest characteristics
From: Risk factors for progression toward brain death after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
All patients (n = 214) | No brain death (n = 172) | Brain death (n = 42) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 68 (57–77) | 70 (60–78) | 58 (45–70) | < 0.001 |
Male gender | 119 (56) | 101 (59) | 18 (43) | 0.08 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 85 (40) | 70 (41) | 15 (36) | 0.60 |
COPD | 58 (27) | 45 (26) | 13 (31) | 0.56 |
Congestive heart failure | 33 (15) | 27 (16) | 6 (14) | > 0.99 |
Diabetes | 48 (22) | 43 (25) | 5 (12) | 0.09 |
Chronic renal failure | 12 (6) | 10 (6) | 2 (5) | 0.17 |
Presumed cause of cardiac arrest | 0.30 | |||
Cardiac | 44 (21) | 39 (23) | 5 (12) | |
Non-cardiac | 160 (75) | 125 (73) | 35 (83) | |
Undetermined | 10 (5) | 8 (4) | 2 (5) | |
Location of cardiac arrest | 0.48 | |||
Home | 165 (77) | 130 (76) | 35 (83) | – |
Public place | 45 (21) | 39 (23) | 6 (14) | – |
Other | 4 (2) | 3 (2) | 1 (2) | – |
Witnessed cardiac arrest | 166 (78) | 139 (81) | 27 (64) | 0.02 |
First recorded cardiac rhythm | 0.03 | |||
Shockable | 25 (12) | 24 (14) | 1 (2) | – |
Non-shockable | 189 (88) | 148 (86) | 41 (98) | – |
Resuscitation | ||||
Bystander CPR | 90 (42) | 79 (46) | 11 (26) | 0.02 |
Time from collapse to ROSC, min | 25 (15–35) | 22 (15–32) | 32 (23–46) | < 0.001 |
No-flow period, min | 6 (0–10) | 5 (0–10) | 10 (5–15) | < 0.001 |
Low-flow period, min | 16 (10–26) | 15 (9–25) | 22 (15–34) | < 0.001 |
Dose of epinephrine, mg | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (2–6) | 0.02 |
Number of defibrillation attempts | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.76 |