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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Characteristics of critically ill patients by the presence of acute kidney injury in Korea, 2008 to 2015

From: Changes in acute kidney injury epidemiology in critically ill patients: a population-based cohort study in Korea

 

Overall

No AKI

AKI

p value

Number of patients

1,678,089

1,544,968

133,121

 

Gender

   

< 0.001b

 Male

962,594 (57.4)

883,803 (57.2)

78,791 (59.2)

 

 Female

715,495 (42.6)

661,165 (42.8)

54,330 (40.8)

 

Age, years

64.2 (15.5)

64 (15.5)

67.2 (15.2)

< 0.001c

Charlson index

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

3 (1–5)

< 0.001d

Comorbidity

 Myocardial infarction

95,571 (5.7)

87,606 (5.7)

7965 (6.0)

< 0.001b

 Congestive heart failure

195,381 (11.6)

174,071 (11.3)

21,310 (16.0)

< 0.001b

 Peripheral vascular disease

276,411 (16.5)

251,706 (16.3)

24,705 (18.6)

< 0.001b

 Cerebrovascular disease

421,600 (25.1)

388,951 (25.2)

32,649 (24.5)

< 0.001b

 Rheumatologic disease

81,210 (4.8)

73,570 (4.8)

7640 (5.7)

<0.001b

 Peptic ulcer disease

517,857 (30.9)

475,376 (30.8)

42,481 (31.9)

< 0.001b

 Liver disease

496,684 (29.6)

451,074 (29.2)

45,610 (34.3)

< 0.001b

 Diabetes mellitus

570,759 (34.0)

513,760 (33.3)

56,999 (42.8)

< 0.001b

 Renal disease

64,066 (3.8)

48,509 (3.1)

15,557 (11.7)

< 0.001b

 Cancer

311,745 (18.6)

287,640 (18.6)

24,105 (18.1)

< 0.001b

 AIDS/HIV

854 (0.1)

754 (0.1)

100 (0.1)

< 0.001b

Type of hospital

   

< 0.001b

 Tertiary

659,767 (39.3)

607,539 (39.3)

52,228 (39.2)

 

 General

962,395 (57.4)

885,015 (57.3)

77,380 (58.1)

 

 Nursing care hospital

1089 (0.1)

963 (0.1)

126 (0.1)

 

 Other

54,838 (3.3)

51,451 (3.3)

3387 (2.5)

 

Management procedures

 Mechanical ventilation

371,592 (22.1)

303,676 (19.7)

67,916 (51.0)

< 0.001b

 ECMO

4618 (0.3)

2059 (0.1)

2559 (1.9)

< 0.001b

 Vasopressor drugs

190,296 (11.3)

148,062 (9.6)

42,234 (31.7)

< 0.001b

Organ dysfunction

 Respiratory

68,061 (4.1)

49,839 (3.2)

18,222 (13.7)

< 0.001b

 Cardiovascular

144,774 (8.6)

10,5992 (6.9)

38,782 (29.1)

< 0.001b

 Hepatic

7475 (0.5)

5216 (0.3)

2259 (1.7)

< 0.001b

 Hematologic

93,124 (5.6)

67,683 (4.4)

25,441 (19.1)

< 0.001b

 Neurologic

38,466 (2.3)

31,913 (2.1)

6553 (4.9)

< 0.001b

Outcomes

 Hospital mortality

203,373 (12.1)

151,550 (9.8)

51,823 (38.9)

< 0.001b

 ICU length of stay, days

3 (2–8)

3 (2–7)

8 (3–22)

< 0.001d

 Hospital length of stay, days

13 (7–24)

13 (7–24)

17 (8–35)

< 0.001d

 Total cost, USDa

5208 (2617–8814)

5111 (2566–8487)

7386 (3347–15,751)

< 0.001d

  1. Values are numbers and proportions, except for age and Charlson index (mean and SD), ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and total cost (median and interquartile)
  2. AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AKI acute kidney injury, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, USD US dollars
  3. a1 USD = 1158 Korean won (exchange rate as of December 1, 2015)
  4. bChi-squared test
  5. cStudent’s t test
  6. dWilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test
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