Factors associated with acute kidney injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Panitchote, Anupol; Mehkri, Omar; Hastings, Andrei; Hanane, Tarik; Demirjian, Sevag; Torbic, Heather; Mireles-Cabodevila, Eduardo; Krishnan, Sudhir; Duggal, Abhijit

doi:10.1186/s13613-019-0552-5

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics by acute kidney injury

From: Factors associated with acute kidney injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Characteristics	No AKI (113)	AKI (244)	p	Missing (%)
Age, mean (SD), years	50.2 (15.8)	54.3 (15.7)	0.02^a	0 (0)
Male sex, n (%)	54 (47.8)	137 (56.1)	0.14	0 (0)
BMI, median (IQR), kg/m²	29.7 (24.6–35.5)	30.3 (25–38.2)	0.36	0 (0)
Race, n (%)
White	88 (77.9)	170 (69.7)	0.11	0 (0)
Black or African-American	20 (17.7)	58 (23.8)	0.20	0 (0)
SOFA, mean (SD), points	9 (2.6)	11.9 (3.6)	< 0.001^a	9 (2.5)
Non-renal SOFA, mean (SD), points	8.9 (2.6)	10.7 (3)	< 0.001^a	9 (2.5)
APACHE III, mean (SD), points	95 (26)	115 (31)	< 0.001^a	15 (4.2)
Charlson comorbidities index, median (IQR), points	2 (0–4)	3 (1–5)	0.002^a	0 (0)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Chronic lung diseases	44 (38.9)	74 (30.3)	0.11	0 (0)
Diabetes	23 (20.4)	72 (29.5)	0.07	0 (0)
Active malignancies	18 (15.9)	59 (24.2)	0.08	0 (0)
Liver disease	5 (4.4)	28 (11.5)	0.03^a	0 (0)
Heart failure	5 (4.4)	22 (9)	0.13	0 (0)
Recent surgery within 3 months	4 (3.5)	10 (4.1)	1.00	0 (0)
Cause of ARDS, n (%)
Pneumonia	91 (80.5)	204 (83.6)	0.48	0 (0)
Aspiration	22 (19.5)	43 (17.6)	0.67	0 (0)
Non-pulmonary sepsis	3 (2.7)	21 (8.6)	0.04^a	0 (0)
Pancreatitis	6 (5.3)	8 (3.3)	0.39	0 (0)
Echocardiographic findings
EF, median (IQR), %	60 (55–65)	60 (55–65)	0.21	46 (12.9)
RVSP, median (IQR), mm Hg	38 (31–48)	40 (32–50)	0.33	123 (34.5)
Septic shock	37 (32.7)	142 (58.2)	< 0.001^a	0 (0)
Nephrotoxic agents, n (%)
Antimicrobial agents	103 (91.2)	195 (84.4)	0.08	13 (3.6)
Contrast agents	34 (30.1)	64 (26.3)	0.46	1 (0.3)
ACEI	15 (13.3)	27 (11.1)	0.55	0 (0)
Calcineurin inhibitors	5 (4.4)	10 (4.1)	1.00	0 (0)
NSAIDs	4 (3.5)	4 (1.6)	0.27	0 (0)
Number of nephrotoxic agents, median (IQR), count	2 (1–3)	2 (1–3)	0.75	13 (3.6)
Rescue therapies (%)
Continuous NMBA	37 (32.7)	99 (40.6)	0.16	0 (0)
Inhaled vasodilators	21 (18.6)	64 (26.2)	0.11	0 (0)
Prone positioning	13 (11.5)	34 (13.9)	0.53	0 (0)
ECMO	5 (4.4)	7 (2.9)	0.53	0 (0)
Recruitment maneuvers	4 (3.5)	20 (8.2)	0.10	0 (0)
HFOV	2 (1.8)	11 (4.5)	0.24	0 (0)
Known baseline SCr, n (%)	57 (50.4)	145 (59.4)	0.11	0 (0)
Baseline SCr, mean (SD), mg/dL	0.79 (0.18)	0.82 (0.2)	0.44	156 (43.7)
eGFR, median (IQR), mL/min per 1.73 m²	98.2 (80.7–111.8)	95.7 (80.7–111.1)	0.83	156 (43.7)
Time from ARDS diagnosis to hospital admission (IQR), days	0 (− 3 to 1)	0 (− 2 to 2)	0.14	0 (0)

ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, AKI acute kidney injury, APACHE acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BMI body mass index, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, EF ejection fraction, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HFOV high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, IQR interquartile range, NMBA neuromuscular blocking agents, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, RVSP right ventricular systolic pressure, SCr serum creatinine, SD standard deviation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment
^ap < 0.05

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