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Table 1 Patient’s characteristics at ICU admission, risk factors for post-extubation respiratory failure, the reason for ICU admission and characteristics before SBT performance in the overall population and subgroups

From: Electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing trials and after extubation in critically ill patients at high risk for extubation failure: a multicenter observational study

 

Overall

SBT success

(n = 61)

SBT failure

(n = 17)

p value

Extubation success (n = 39)

Extubation failure (n = 22)

p value

Characteristics at ICU admission

 Weight (kg)

75 [65; 83]

75 [65; 81]

75 [68; 95]

0.458

70 [62; 80]

80 [70; 86]

0.128

 Height (cm)

170 [165; 173]

170 [165; 175]

170 [163; 170]

0.286

170 [165; 175]

170 [160; 172]

0.203

 SAPS-II

52 [37; 67]

50 [34; 66]

59 [41; 68]

0.188

44 [31; 55]

63 [48; 83]

< 0.001

 SOFA

6 [4; 9]

6 [4; 9]

4 [3; 7]

0.049

6 [4; 9]

7 [4; 10]

0.790

Risk factors for post-extubation respiratory failure

 PaCO2 > 45 mmHg at SBT n (%)

30 (38)

22 (36)

8 (47)

0.416

12 (31)

10 (45)

0.279

 Chronic respiratory disease n (%)

17 (22)

12 (20)

5 (29)

0.510

7 (18)

5 (23)

0.741

 Chronic heart failure n (%)

17 (22)

12 (20)

5 (29)

0.510

9 (23)

3 (14)

0.510

 Upper airway stridor n (%)

2 (3)

2 (3)

0 (0)

> 0.999

2 (5)

0 (0)

0.531

 Age ≥ 65 years n (%)

48 (62)

38 (62)

10 (59)

0.786

24 (62)

14 (64)

> 0.999

 Cardiac failure as reason of iMV n (%)

10 (13)

8 (13)

2 (12)

> 0.999

6 (15)

2 (9)

0.699

 APACHE-II score > 12 at extubation n (%)

29 (37)

24 (39)

5 (29)

0.575

14 (36)

10 (45)

0.587

 ARF requiring > 72 h of iMV n (%)

44 (56)

30 (49)

14 (82)

0.025

19 (49)

11 (48)

> 0.999

 BMI > 35 kg/m2 n (%)

11 (14)

5 (8)

6 (35)

0.011

3 (8)

2 (9)

> 0.999

 Neuromuscular disease n (%)

9 (12)

4 (7)

5 (29)

0.020

3 (8)

1 (5)

> 0.999

Reason for ICU admission

 Acute heart failure n (%)

10 (13)

6 (10)

4 (23)

0.212

0 (0)

6 (27)

0.013

 Acute on Chronic respiratory failure n (%)

17 (22)

12 (20)

5 (29)

0.507

7 (18)

5 (23)

0.742

 Sepsis/septic shock n (%)

21 (27)

20 (33)

1 (6)

0.031

14 (36)

6 (27)

0.577

 Trauma n (%)

10 (13)

7 (11)

3 (18)

0.682

7 (18)

0 (0)

0.042

 Pneumonia n (%)

20

16 (26)

4 (24)

> 0.999

11 (28)

5 (23)

0.766

Characteristics before the SBT

 PEEP (cmH2O)

5.0 [5.0; 5.1]

5.0 [5.0; 5.1]

5.0 [5.0; 5.0]

0.168

5.0 [5.0; 5.1]

5.0 [5.0; 5.1]

0.953

 Inspiratory support (cmH2O)

10 [8; 11]

10 [8; 10]

10 [9; 11]

0.531

9 [8; 11]

10 [10; 10]

0.118

 pH

7.44 [7.41; 7.47]

7.44 [7.40; 7.48]

7.46 [7.42; 7.48]

0.546

7.45 [7.41; 7.48]

7.42 [7.40; 7.45]

0.397

 PaCO2 (mmHg)

39.3 [36.3; 45.0]

39.3 [36.0; 45.0]

39.5 [38.2; 44.4]

0.392

38.5 [34.0; 44.3]

39.3 [38.0; 47.3]

0.176

 PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg)

268 [230; 310]

274 [241; 306]

248 [205; 324]

0.347

274 [243; 303]

270 [226; 313]

0.932

  1. SBT: Spontaneous breathing trial; ICU: intensive care unit; SAPS-II: simplified acute physiology score II; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; iMV: invasive mechanical ventilation; APACHE-II: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; ARF: acute respiratory failure; BMI: body mass index; PEEP: positive-end expiratory pressure; PaO2/FiO2: ratio between arterial partial pressure and inspired fraction of oxygen