Association of endothelial and glycocalyx injury biomarkers with fluid administration, development of acute kidney injury, and 90-day mortality: data from the FINNAKI observational study

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted single and multivariable biomarker logistic regression models for the development of acute kidney injury

Single biomarker models
Biomarker	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p value	IL-6 adjusted^a OR (95% CI)	p value	Multivariable adjusted^b OR (95% CI)	p value
Log Angiopoietin-2	2.66 (1.53–4.63)^c	0.001	2.40 (1.37–4.21)	0.002	1.96 (1.05–3.66)	0.034
Log soluble thrombomodulin	30.72 (8.37–112.67)	< 0.001	29.55 (7.87–110.89)	< 0.001	12.71 (2.96–54.67)	0.001
Log Syndecan-1	1.98 (1.15–3.42)	0.014	1.90 (1.10–3.30)	0.022	1.49 (0.80–2.77)	0.212
Log vascular adhesion protein 1	1.07 (0.40–2.88)	0.891	1.66 (0.59–4.71)	0.340	0.93 (0.28–3.07)	0.907

Biomarker summary score^c
Score-patients with AKI no/total to (%)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p value	IL-6 adjusted^a OR (95% CI)	p value	Multivariable adjusted^b OR (95% CI)	p value
0–36/195 (18.5%)	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
1–32/121 (26.4%)	1.59 (0.92–2.73)	0.095	1.47 (0.85–2.54)	0.169	1.50 (0.83–2.70)	0.176
2–28/72 (38.9%)	2.81 (1.55–5.10)	0.001	2.73 (1.49–4.97)	0.001	2.11 (1.09–4.11)	0.027
3–16/27 (59.3%)	6.42 (2.75–15.01)	< 0.001	5.96 (2.53–14.03)	< 0.001	4.24 (1.64–10.96)	0.003

Hosmer–Lemeshow test non-significant in all analyses
AKI acute kidney injury, IL-6 interleukin-6
^aAdjusted for log-transformed interleukin-6 value at ICU admission
^bAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, pre-existing chronic kidney disease, pre-existing diabetes mellitus, presence of urinary tract infection, presence of skin or soft tissue infection, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II without points for age and renal components, need for vasoactive medication within first 24 h, first lactate in ICU, log-transformed interleukin-6 value at ICU admission. Total number of patients in the model was 415. ^bIncluding Angiopoietin-2, soluble thrombomodulin and Syndecan-1
^cAn example of the interpretation of the OR of log-transformed biomarkers: the OR for development for AKI for Log Angiopoietin-2 is 2.66, so when untransformed Angiopoietin-2 levels grow by a factor of 10, the odds for AKI increase by a factor of 2.66