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Table 5 Early versus late intubation in patients with HACOR score > 5 at 1–2 h of NIV

From: Early prediction of noninvasive ventilation failure in COPD patients: derivation, internal validation, and external validation of a simple risk score

 

Early intubation

N = 92

Late intubation

N = 29

p

Age, years

72.5 ± 9.8

76.0 ± 9.1

0.09

Male

73 (79.3%)

22 (75.9%)

0.80

APACHE II score

21.4 ± 5.4

22.3 ± 5.9

0.45

Underlying disease

 Diabetes mellitus

16 (17.4%)

4 (13.8%)

0.78

 Hypertension

34 (37.0%)

13 (44.8%)

0.51

 Chronic heart disease

23 (25.0%)

8 (27.6%)

0.81

 Chronic kidney disease

10 (10.9%)

4 (13.8%)

0.74

 Chronic liver disease

10 (10.9%)

3 (10.3%)

> 0.99

Data collected before NIV

 Respiratory rate, breaths/min

30 ± 7

28 ± 7

0.20

 Heart rate, beats/min

121 ± 25

117 ± 26

0.39

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

139 ± 31

135 ± 32

0.55

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

80 ± 18

78 ± 18

0.60

 pH

7.22 ± 0.08

7.23 ± 0.08

0.66

 PaCO2, mmHg

85 ± 23

82 ± 19

0.55

 PaO2/FiO2, mmHg

192 ± 107

178 ± 77

0.50

 GCS

12.6 ± 3.2

13.1 ± 2.8

0.47

Data collected at 1–2 h of NIV

 Respiratory rate, breaths/min

28 ± 7

26 ± 7

0.15

 Heart rate, beats/min

117 ± 26

109 ± 24

0.11

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

132 ± 34

125 ± 18

0.25

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78 ± 19

74 ± 13

0.30

 Minute ventilation, L/min

8.9 ± 4.1

9.8 ± 4.7

0.33

 IPAP, cmH2O

17 ± 4

17 ± 5

0.89

 EPAP, cmH2O

5 ± 2

6 ± 1

0.50

 pH

7.21 ± 0.11

7.27 ± 0.09

< 0.01*

 PaCO2, mmHg

90 ± 28

76 ± 20

0.02*

 PaO2/FiO2, mmHg

164 ± 88

169 ± 64

0.79

 GCS

11.5 ± 3.4

13.2 ± 2.0

0.01*

HACOR score before NIV

9.4 ± 3.7

8.9 ± 4.0

0.54

HACOR score at 1–2 h of NIV

13.9 ± 5.6

9.3 ± 3.4

< 0.01*

ICU mortality

33 (35.9%)

23 (79.3%)

< 0.01*

Hospital mortality

33 (35.9%)

23 (79.3%)

< 0.01*

  1. HACOR heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation and respiratory rate, GCS Glasgow coma scale, NIV noninvasive ventilation, IPAP inspiratory positive airway pressure, EPAP expiratory positive airway pressure, ICU intensive care unit
  2. *p < 0.05 between two groups