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Table 3 Systemic and cerebral hemodynamic parameters

From: Intra-aortic balloon pump does not influence cerebral hemodynamics and neurological outcomes in high-risk cardiac patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an analysis of the IABCS trial

Variable

IABP group

(N = 34)

Control group

(N = 33)

p-value effect IABP

p-value effect

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

T1–T3

EtCO2 (mmHg)

33.1 ± 3,6

33.1 ± 3.2

31.1 ± 3.4*

34.7 ± 4.9

34.2 ± 4.0

33.0 ± 3.1*

0.809

0.004

Mean BP (mmHg)

91.1 ± 13.3

83.2 ± 13.4*

89.0 ± 9.1

93.5 ± 13.6

80.4 ± 12.1*

90.3 ± 8.3

0.853

< 0.001

Systolic (BP mmHg)

132.9 ± 20.3

127.0 ± 23.6*

127.3 ± 18.3*

138.1 ± 22.7

128.2 ± 17.2*

125.8 ± 16.8*

0.629

0.007

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

67.9 ± 10.9

46.2 ± 13.9*#

67.9 ± 8.7*

69.4 ± 10.7

58.6 ± 11.7*

70.7 ± 8.6*

0.003

< 0.001

HR (bpm)

68.4 ± 11.4

103.8 ± 17.0*

89.2 ± 15.9*

61.9 ± 9.1

101.9 ± 13.0*

90.5 ± 12.5*

0.304

< 0.001

ARI

5.5 ± 1,9

4.0 ± 1.9*

5.7 ± 2.0

5.7 ± 1.7

4.1 ± 1.6*

5.7 ± 1.6

0.978

< 0.001

ARI < 4 (n, %)

7 (20.6%)

18 (52.9%)*

7 (20.5%)

5 (15.1%)

17 (51.5%)*

4 (12.1%)

0.138

< 0.001

CBFV MCA (cm/s)

57.3 ± 19.4

74.0 ± 21.6*

71.1 ± 21.3*

59.3 ± 11.8

74.7 ± 17.5*

68.1 ± 15.1*

0.952

< 0.001

Systolic CBFV (cm/s)

89.1 ± 28.5

107.6 ± 32.5*

109.6 ± 30.2*

90.6 ± 20.5

113.3 ± 24.7*

101.1 ± 22.2*

0.942

< 0.001

Diastolic CBFV (cm/s)

39.9 ± 11.4

33.2 ± 14.4*#

49.0 ± 21.4

39.7 ± 8.2

51.5 ± 13.8

48.8 1 ± 0.8

0.001

< 0.001

PI

0.82 ± 0.15

1.03 ± 0.26*#

0.85 ± 0.16

0.85 ± 0.17

0.84 ± 0.17

0.80 ± 0.18

0.001

< 0.001

  1. Values are population mean ± SD. IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, EtCO2 end-tidal CO2, BP blood pressure, HR heart rate, CBFV cerebral blood flow velocity, MCA middle cerebral artery, PI pulsatility index, T1 assessment before surgery, T2 assessment 24 h after surgery, T3 assessment 7 days after surgery
  2. #p < 0.05 vs. controls; *p < 0.05 vs. time (repeated measures ANOVA)