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Annals of Intensive Care
Fig. 2 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 2

From: “I had the feeling that I was trapped”: a bedside qualitative study of cognitive and affective attitudes toward noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure

Fig. 2

Affective attitudes toward noninvasive ventilation before, during, and after first noninvasive ventilation experience, according to the evaluative assertion analysis coding (see “Methods” for details). The maximum score of 3 denotes “extremely positive” attitude. The minimum score of − 3 denotes “extremely negative” attitude. The boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR) with indication of the median, while the whiskers represent 1.5 * IQR and the dots depict outliers. An overall statistically significant difference was detected between conditions (χ2 (2) = 10.400, p = 0.006) with a significant difference between “before” and “during” (Z = − 2.395, p = 0.017, with a large effect size (r = 0.536)), and between “during” and “after” NIV (Z = − 2.599, p = 0.009, also with a large effect size (r = 0.581)). There was no significant difference in between “before” and “after” (Z = − 0.561, p = 0.575, r = 0.125)

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