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Fig. 1 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 1

From: How to detect a positive response to a fluid bolus when cardiac output is not measured?

Fig. 1

Individual values of the fluid-induced changes in arterial pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) in patients in whom volume expansion increased cardiac output ≥ 15% (responders) and in the other ones. Dashed lines represent the best threshold for detecting a positive fluid response found by statistical analysis. Outliers were excluded from analysis

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