Fig. 1From: How to detect a positive response to a fluid bolus when cardiac output is not measured?Individual values of the fluid-induced changes in arterial pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) in patients in whom volume expansion increased cardiac output ≥ 15% (responders) and in the other ones. Dashed lines represent the best threshold for detecting a positive fluid response found by statistical analysis. Outliers were excluded from analysisBack to article page