Table 2 Studies included in this meta-analysis of the impact of adjunctive corticosteroids on mortality of non-HIV PCP
Series no. | References author, year of publish | Study design | Country | Hospital or centers | Study period | Total no. of patients | Major outcome reported | Mortality | No CAT mortality | CAT mortality | Cases of hypoxemic respiratory dysfunction (hypoxemia: PaO2 < 70 mmHg on room air; respiratory failure: PaO2 ≤ 60 mmHg on room air) | Mortality in respiratory failure PCP | Mortality in hypoxic PCP and no CAT | Mortality in hypoxic PCP and with CAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pareja, 1998 | Retrospective single center | USA | 1 tertiary care urban teaching hospital | 1989–1995 | 30 | In-hospital mortality | 12/30 (40%) | 5/14 (36%) | 7/16 (44%) | 21/30 (70%, hypoxemia) | 12/21 (57.1%) | 4/9 (44.4%) | 8/12 (66.7%) |
2 | Delclaux, 1999 | Retrospective two center | France | 2 medical ICUs | 1988–1996 | 31 | ICU mortality | 13/31 (42%) | 4/8 (50%) | 9/23 (39%) | 31/31 (100%, respiratory failure) | 13/31 (42%) | 4/8 (50%) | 9/23 (39%) |
3 | Zahar, 2002 | Retrospective two center | France | 2 medical ICUs | 1989–1999 | 39 | 30-day mortality | 13/39 (33%) | 3/8 (38%) | 10/31 (32%) | 39/39 (100%, respiratory failure) | 13/3 (33%) | 3/8 (38%) | 10/31 (32%) |
4 | Pagano, 2002 | Retrospective multicenter | Italy | 52 hematology divisions | 1990–1999 | 55 | 30-day mortality | 20/55 (36%) | 12/33 (36%) | 8/22 (36%) | 39/55 (71%, hypoxemia) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
5 | Roblot, 2003 | Retrospective multicenter | France | 11 infectious diseases units | 1995–1999 | 60 | 30-day mortality | 20/60 (33%) | 5/25 (20%) | 15/35 (43%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
6 | Bollee, 2007 | Retrospective single center | France | 1 adult cancer center | 2001–2006 | 56 | In-hospital mortality | 11/56 (20%) | 9/35 (26%) | 2/21 (10%) | 56/56 (100%, hypoxemia) | 11/56 (20%) | 9/35 (26%) | 2/21 (10%) |
7 | Aoki, 2009 | Retrospective single center | Japan | 1 university hospital | 2000–2007 | 25 | In-hospital mortality | 11/25 (44%) | 4/12 (33%) | 7/13 (54%) | 25/25 (100%, hypoxemia) | 11/25 (44%) | 4/12 (33%) | 7/13 (54%) |
8 | Matsumura, 2011 | Retrospective multicenter | Japan | 2 university hospital | 2005–2010 | 82 | 30-day mortality | 20/82 (24%) | 4/22 (18%) | 16/60 (27%) | 57/82 (70%, hypoxemia) | 18/57 (32%) | N/A | N/A |
9 | Moon, 2011 | Retrospective single center | Korea | 1 university hospital | 2007–2010 | 88 | 30-day mortality | 28/88 (32%) | 10/29 (35%) | 18/59 (31%) | 54/88 (61%, respiratory failure) | 28/54 (52%) | 10/17 (59%) | 18/37 (49%) |
10 | Kim, 2014 | Retrospective multicenter | Korea | 2 tertiary care university hospitals | 2004–2011 | 173 | In-hospital mortality | 62/173 (36%) | 0/21 (0%) | 62/152 (41%) | 88/173 (51%, respiratory failure) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
11 | Kofteridis, 2014 | Retrospective single center | Greece | 1 university hospital | 2004–2013 | 62 | In-hospital mortality | 18/62 (29%) | 3/12 (25%) | 15/50 (30%) | 12/62 (19%, hypoxemia) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
12 | Weng, 2016 | Retrospective multicenter | China | 4 ICUs from 2 centers | 2012–2015 | 82 | ICU mortality | 62/82 (76%) | 14/18 (78%) | 48/64 (75%) | 82/82 (100%, respiratory failure) | 62/82 (76%) | 14/18 (78%) | 48/64 (75%) |
13 | Kotani, 2017 | Retrospective single center | Japan | 1 ICU | 2008–2012 | 20 | In-hospital mortality | 4/20 (20%) | 1/11 (9%) | 3/9 (33%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
14 | Wieruszewski, 2018 | Retrospective single center | USA | 1 teaching hospital | 2006–2016 | 332 | 30-day mortality | 74/332 (23%) | 6/74 (9%) | 68/258 (26%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
15 | Inoue, 2019 | Retrospective multicenter | Japan | Nationwide records study | 2010–2016 | 1299 | 60-day mortality | 247/1299 (19%) | 34/159 (21%) | 213/1140 (19%) | 737/1299 (57%, respiratory failure) | 189/737 (26%) | 26/71 (37%) | 163/661 (25%) |
16 | Liu, 2019 | Retrospective single center | China | 1 medical center | 2015–2016 | 84 | 60-day mortality | 39/84 (46%) | 16/41 (39%) | 23/43 (53%) | 57/84 (68%, respiratory failure) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Total | 1998 ~ 2019 | 16 retrospective 8 single center 8 multi center | From 7 countries | 1 nationwide data 8 hospital wide data 4 ICU wide data 3 ward wide data | 1989–2016 | 2518 | 2 for ICU mortality 6 for in-hospital mortality 6 for 30-day mortality 2 for 60-day mortality | 654/2518 (26%) | 130/522 (25%) | 524/1996 (26%) | 6 with hypoxemia (3 with CAT use reported) 7 with respiratory failure (5 with CAT use reported) | 339/1040 (33%) | 74/178 (42%) | 265/862 (31%) |