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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Thirty-day mortality, hazard ratios, and the relative excess risk due to interaction by lactate category for metformin nonusers and users

From: Prognostic impact of elevated lactate levels on mortality in critically ill patients with and without preadmission metformin treatment: a Danish registry-based cohort study

Lactate (mmol/L)

Events/no. at risk (%)

Crude HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)a

RERI (95% CI)b

Metformin nonusers

Metformin users

Metformin nonusers

Metformin users

Metformin nonusers

Metformin users

< 1.4

1784/13,525 (13%)

136/1047 (13%)

Reference

0.98 (0.82 to 1.16)

Reference

0.95 (0.80 to 1.14)

 

1.4 to 2.0

1400/7947 (18%)

114/758 (15%)

1.37 (1.28 to 1.47)

1.15 (0.95 to 1.39)

1.45 (1.35 to 1.55)

1.15 (0.94 to 1.39)

− 0.25 (− 0.54 to 0.03)

2.0 to 3.2

1422/6235 (23%)

116/596 (19%)

1.84 (1.72 to 1.97)

1.53 (1.27 to 1.85)

2.00 (1.87 to 2.15)

1.53 (1.26 to 1.86)

− 0.42 (− 0.77 to − 0.07)

3.2 to 5.0

1082/3341 (32%)

84/353 (24%)

2.80 (2.60 to 3.02)

1.90 (1.53 to 2.36)

2.99 (2.77 to 3.22)

1.86 (1.49 to 2.33)

− 1.08 (− 1.55 to − 0.60)

5.0 to 10.0

964/2244 (43%)

105/300 (35%)

4.17 (3.86 to 4.51)

3.16 (2.59 to 3.84)

4.58 (4.24 to 4.96)

3.10 (2.54 to 3.80)

− 1.43 (− 2.13 to − 0.74)

≥ 10.0

498/818 (61%)

63/129 (49%)

7.60 (6.88 to 8.39)

5.20 (4.04 to 6.69)

9.24 (8.35 to 10.21)

5.51 (4.27 to 7.12)

− 3.68 (− 5.30 to − 2.05)

  1. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed using Cox proportional regression analysis based on a multiply imputed datasets
  2. aAdjusted for age, gender, last HbA1c measurement within 4 weeks before ICU admission, mean of all creatinine measurements 1 year before ICU admission, and previous diagnosis of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, connective tissue disease, peptic ulcer disease, chronic pulmonary disease, mild-to-severe liver disease, any tumour, metastatic solid tumour, leukaemia, and lymphoma, respectively, 10 years before ICU admission. Codes used for each variable are stated in Additional file 1: Appendix S1
  3. bRelative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) quantifies interaction on an additive scale, which approaches zero in the absence of interaction
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