Table 1 Patient’s demographic data and outcome according intubation during the ICU stay
Patients intubated early H0–H8 (n = 209) | Patients intubated late H8–H72 (n = 114) | Patients never intubated (n = 536) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.5 ± 13.9 | 64.6 ± 13.5 | 64.9 ± 14.6 | 0.30 |
Sex, female | 82 (39.4%) | 35 (30.7%) | 196 (36.6%) | 0.30 |
Weight, kg | 77.1 ± 18.7 | 76.7 ± 18.8 | 75.9 ± 19.9 | 0.32 |
Chronic heart failure, NYHA > 2 | 15 (7.2%) | 11 (9.7%) | 55 (10.3%) | 0.43 |
Chronic respiratory failure | 33 (15.8%) | 16 (14.2%) | 84 (15.7%) | 0.93 |
Home oxygen therapy | 4 (1.9%) | 3 (2.6%) | 6 (1.1%) | 0.33 |
Home non-invasive or invasive ventilation therapy | 2 (1%) | 4 (3.5%) | 7 (1.3%) | 0.18 |
Chronic renal failure | 32 (15.3%) | 15 (13.2%) | 88 (16.5%) | 0.72 |
Dialysis | 10 (4.8%) | 2 (1.8%) | 29 (5.4%) | 0.28 |
Cirrhosis | 24 (11.5%) | 6 (5.3%) | 36 (6.7%) | 0.07 |
Immunosuppression | 51 (24.4%) | 40 (35.4%) | 161 (30.3%) | 0.12 |
Chemotherapy | 26 (12.4%) | 30 (36.3%) | 80 (14.9%) | 0.02 |
Corticosteroid therapy > 20 mg/j | 12 (5.7%) | 10 (8.8%) | 41 (7.6%) | 0.98 |
Organ transplant or bone marrow transplant | 11 (5.3%) | 5 (4.4%) | 36 (6.7%) | 0.37 |
Human immunodeficiency virus | 6 (2.7%) | 0 (0.00%) | 13 (2.4%) | 0.07 |
Other immunosuppressive therapy | 11 (5.3%) | 8 (7%) | 46 (8.6%) | 0.44 |
Neutropenia < 500/mm3 | 18 (13.4%) | 13 (11.4%) | 37 (6.8%) | 0.13 |
Infection site | ||||
Heart | 5 (2.4%) | 5 (4.6%) | 10 (2%) | 0.27 |
Skin | 26 (12.4%) | 12 (11%) | 55 (10.8%) | 0.69 |
Digestive | 62 (29.7%) | 48 (43.2%) | 136 (26.8%) | 0.01 |
Gynecological | 3 (1.4%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.09 |
Material | 10 (7.8%) | 7 (6.5%) | 32 (6.4%) | 0.83 |
Neurological | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.31 |
Upper respiratory tract | 4 (1.9%) | 2 (1.9%) | 7 (1.4%) | 0.65 |
Bone | 2 (1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 5 (1%) | 0.99 |
Lung | 59 (28.2%) | 29 (26.9%) | 124 (24.2%) | 0.37 |
Blood | 55 (27.6%) | 35 (31.8%) | 129 (25.5%) | 0.37 |
Urinary | 37 (18.6%) | 9 (8.3%) | 144 (28.1%) | < 0.001 |
Others | 8 (4%) | 2 (1.9%) | 14 (2.8%) | 0.73 |
Pathogens | ||||
Gram-positive cocci | 61 (31.1%) | 35 (32.4%) | 122 (24%) | 0.06 |
Gram-negative bacilli | 104 (49.8%) | 53 (48.6%) | 243 (47.3%) | 0.52 |
Fungus, parasite | 9 (4.6%) | 3 (2.8%) | 6 (1.2%) | 0.02 |
Others | 9 (4.6%) | 5 (4.7%) | 20 (4%) | 0.84 |
Non-identified | 46 (23.6%) | 29 (26.9%) | 162 (31.6%) | 0.1 |
Infection type | ||||
Nosocomial infection | 147 (71%) | 64 (56.6%) | 329 (61.6%) | 0.08 |
Community-acquired infection | 20 (9.7%) | 17 (15%) | 75 (14%) | |
Healthcare associated infection | 40 (19.3%) | 32 (28.3%) | 130 (24.3%) | |
Acute physiological parameters and treatment | ||||
pHa | 7.26 ± 0.15 | 7.33 ± 0.1 | 7.38 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
PaO2, mmHga | 103.8 ± 54.2 | 87.9 ± 29.0 | 93.8 ± 30.1 | 0.16 |
PaCO2, mmHga | 36.5 ± 14.5 | 32.2 ± 8.8 | 32.3 ± 8.8 | 0.02 |
SpO2, %a | 93.6 ± 5.9 | 92.3 ± 6.4 | 95.2 ± 3.3 | 0.03 |
Lactatesa | 5.4 ± 4.0 | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory ratea | 28.9 ± 7.9 | 28.6 ± 6.6 | 25.7 ± 6.7 | < 0.001 |
Inability to clear tracheal secretionsa | 48 (23.7%) | 13 (11.6%) | 40 (7.6%) | < 0.001 |
Use of accessory respiratory musclea | 101 (49.8%) | 22 (19.8%) | 52 (9.9%) | < 0.001 |
Standard nasal oxygenb | 70 (35.7%) | 53 (49.1%) | 273 (52.8%) | < 0.001 |
High concentration mask oxygenb | 76 (39.2%) | 17 (15.6%) | 55 (10.9%) | < 0.001 |
High-flow nasal therapyb | 22 (11.4%) | 21 (19.6%) | 41 (8.1%) | < 0.01 |
Non-invasive ventilation therapyb | 20 (10.4%) | 8 (7.6%) | 26 (5.2%) | 0.04 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratioa | 182 (88–295) | 192 (127–313) | 295 (208–395) | < 0.001 |
Glasgow coma scorea | 12.4 ± 3.9 | 14.5 ± 1.5 | 14.7 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Vasopressor dosea, µg/kg/min | 0.74 ± 0.66 | 0.50 ± 0.46 | 0.35 ± 0.37 | < 0.001 |
Cumulative fluid from first hypotension to H0 | 2218.8 ± 1243.2 | 1958.6 ± 1137.5 | 2179.8 ± 1327.1 | 0.25 |
SAPS II score at 24 h | 67.9 ± 22.0 | 58.8 ± 18.8 | 46.9 ± 13.8 | < 0.001 |