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Table 1 Characteristics and main outcomes

From: Lack of viral clearance by the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin or lopinavir and ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome

 

Hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin (n = 17)

Lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 13)

Controls (n = 15)

p value

Age (years, mean ± SD)

60 ± 17

62 ± 13

60 ± 16

0.94

Male gender

15 (88%)

9 (69%)

11 (73%)

0.41

Hypertension

8 (47%)

8 (62%)

5 (33%)

0.33

Diabetes mellitus

6 (35%)

5 (38%)

2 (13%)

0.26

Chronic cardiac disease

2 (12%)

5 (38%)

0

0.02

Chronic respiratory disease

2 (12%)

2 (15%)

1 (7%)

0.76

Obesity

6 (35%)

6 (46%)

9 (60%)

0.38

Immunosuppressive therapy

1 (6%)

1 (8%)

0 (0%)

0.58

Time from COVID-19 symptoms onset to treatment (days, median, IQR)

7 (4–11)

5 (2–6)

8 (4.5–10.5)a

0.06

Time from COVID-19 treatment to ARDS (days, median, IQR)

1 (0–4)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)a

0.02

SAPS 2 score (mean ± SD) at ICU admission

30 ± 7

33 ± 11

49 ± 14

< 0.01

SOFA score at ICU admission (median, 1st–3rd Quartile)

4 (3–6)

6 (3–7)

6 (4–9.5)

0.27

PaO2/FiO2 ratio at ICU admission (mean ± SD)

141 ± 48

159 ± 37

129 ± 50

0.21

Vt at ICU admission (ml, mean ± SD)

388 ± 64

392 ± 76

415 ± 42

0.59

PEEP at ICU admission, (cm H2O, median, 1st–3rd quartile)

12 ± 2

13 ± 2

13 ± 3

0.8

SARS-CoV-2 PCR CT values at diagnosis (mean ± SD)b

28 ± 5

25 ± 9

0.88

SARS-CoV-2 PCR CT values at day 6 from treatment (mean ± SD)b

29 ± 5

33 ± 1

0.01

Negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR at day 6 from treatment

3 (18%)

5 (38%)

2c (20%)

0.39

Negative SARS-CoV-2-PCR at day 6 from ARDS

2 (12%)

5 (38%)

2 (13%)

0.14

PaO2/FiO2 ratio at day 6 from ARDS onset (mean ± SD)

160 ± 59

183 ± 64

150 ± 46

0.69

SOFA score at day 6 from treatment (median, IQR)

4.5 (3–6)

6 (4–6)

6 (5–7)

0.9

SOFA score at day 6 from ARDS onset (median, IQR)

4.5 (3–7)

6 (4–6)

6 (5–7)

0.9

Alive at day 6 from ARDS

15 (88%)

13 (100%)

15 (100%)

 

Invasive mechanical ventilationd

16 (94%)

12 (92%)

15 (100%)

 

Neuromuscular blockersd

16 (94%)

11 (85%)

14 (93%)

 

Prone positioningd

14 (82%)

8 (62%)

12 (80%)

 

Inhaled nitric oxided

4 (24%)

3 (23%)

4 (27%)

 

ECMOd

2 (12%)

1 (8%)

1 (7%)

 
  1. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CT cycle threshold, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, SAPS 2 Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score, Vt tidal volume
  2. aAntibiotics (no anti-viral treatment and no azithromycin in this group)
  3. bWhen available, in positive patients
  4. cOnly 10 patients assessed
  5. dDuring the first 6 days of ARDS
  6. - Data not available