Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variables | Total (n = 255) | Pre-ECMO team (n = 131) | Post-ECMO team (n = 124) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age, years | 64.0 ± 11.8 | 63.4 ± 12.0 | 64.7 ± 11.5 | 0.384 |
 Male | 200 (78.4) | 105 (80.2) | 95 (76.6) | 0.593 |
 Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 3.5 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 25.1 ± 3.7 | 0.004 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
 Hypertension | 135 (52.9) | 67 (51.1) | 68 (54.8) | 0.642 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 128 (50.2) | 67 (51.1) | 61 (49.2) | 0.852 |
 Dyslipidemia | 37 (14.5) | 20 (15.3) | 17 (13.7) | 0.861 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 28 (11.0) | 15 (11.5) | 13 (10.5) | 0.963 |
 History of myocardial infarction | 61 (23.9) | 17 (13.0) | 44 (35.5) | < 0.001 |
 History of percutaneous coronary intervention | 75 (29.4) | 27 (20.6) | 48 (38.7) | 0.002 |
 History of cerebrovascular accident | 27 (10.6) | 18 (13.7) | 9 (7.3) | 0.139 |
Clinical presentation | ||||
 STEMI | 164 (64.3) | 89 (67.9) | 75 (60.5) | 0.266 |
 Systolic pressure, mmHga | 73.0 (67.0–82.5) | 74.0 (70.0–81.0) | 71.0 (67.0–83.0) | 0.698 |
 Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | 39 (15.3) | 17 (13.0) | 22 (17.7) | 0.377 |
 In-hospital cardiac arrest | 163 (63.9) | 82 (62.6) | 81 (65.3) | 0.747 |
 Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 32.0 (25.0–41.0) | 32.0 (25.0–45.0) | 30.0 (24.5–40.0) | 0.542 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.5 (10.4–14.7) | 12.5 (10.5–14.8) | 12.5 (10.2–14.6) | 0.565 |
 Prothrombin time, % | 81.0 (63.0–92.0) | 81.0 (63.0–91.0) | 83.5 (62.0–95.5) | 0.318 |
 Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.014 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.644 |
 Lactic acid, mmol/L | 5.5 (2.7–9.5) | 6.1 (2.9–10.5) | 4.7 (2.5–7.9) | 0.060 |
 Peak troponin I, ng/mL | 156.5 (39.3–486.5) | 153.5 (44.8–489.4) | 159.6 (31.1–481.4) | 0.591 |
 Peak CK-MB, ng, mL | 233.6 (60.3–423.3) | 254.2 (51.5–484.2) | 202.1 (62.3–383.2) | 0.413 |
Severity score | ||||
 ENCOURAGE score | 20.0 (14.0–24.5) | 19.0 (14.0–24.0) | 20.5 (16.0–25.0) | 0.304 |
 AMI-ECMO score | 20.0 (16.0–27.0) | 21.0 (16.0–27.0) | 19.0 (16.0–27.0) | 0.749 |
 SOFA score | 11.0 (9.0–13.0) | 11.0 (9.0–13.0) | 11.0 (9.0–12.0) | 0.257 |
Angiographic findings | ||||
 Infarct-related artery | 0.173 | |||
  Left anterior descending artery | 114 (44.7) | 62 (47.3) | 52 (41.9) |  |
  Left circumflex artery | 30 (11.8) | 15 (11.5) | 15 (12.1) |  |
  Right coronary artery | 47 (18.4) | 21 (16.0) | 26 (21.0) |  |
  Left main coronary artery | 59 (23.1) | 28 (21.4) | 31 (25.0) |  |
  Unknown | 5 (2.0) | 5 (3.8) | 0 (0) |  |
 Multivessel disease | 201 (78.8) | 98 (74.8) | 103 (83.1) | 0.144 |