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Table 3 Clinical characteristics, radiographic, laboratory results of the study patients

From: Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a large cohort study

 

Not severe patients at admission (n = 1102)

Non-progressors (n = 841)

Progressors (n = 261)

p value

Severe patients (n = 349)

Survivor (n = 192)

Non-survivor (n = 157)

p value

Age

 Median (IQR), year

56 (46, 66)

55 (45, 65)

62 (52, 70)

< 0.0001

63 (53, 72)

57 (48, 66)

69 (62, 77)

< 0.0001

 Sex, n (%)

  Female

516 (46.8)

412 (49.0)

104 (39.9)

0.0097

143 (41.0)

86 (44.8)

57 (36.3)

0.1088

  Male

586 (53.2)

429 (51.0)

157 (60.1)

 

206 (59.0)

106 (55.2)

100 (63.7)

 

Smoking, n (%)

40 (4.3)

25 (3.5)

15 (7.2)

1

20 (7.0)

15 (9.9)

5 (3.8)

1

Drinking, n (%)

44 (4.6)

25 (3.3)

19 (8.8)

0.0006

23 (7.9)

18 (11.0)

5 (3.9)

0.0251

Epidemic disease history, n (%)

 Influenza A

  Negative

1045 (96.3)

799 (96.3)

246 (96.5)

0.4315

332 (97.1)

188 (98.9)

144 (94.8)

0.0421

  Positive

19 (1.8)

13 (1.6)

6 (2.3)

 

6 (1.7)

2 (1.1)

4 (2.6)

 

  Unchecked or unknown

21 (1.9)

18 (2.1)

3 (1.2)

 

4 (1.2)

0 (0.00)

4 (2.6)

 

 Influenza B

  Negative

1048 (96.5)

800 (96.3)

248 (97.3)

0.6044

333 (97.4)

190 (100.0)

143 (94.1)

0.0032

  Positive

17 (1.6)

13 (1.5)

4 (1.6)

 

5 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

5 (3.3)

 

  Unchecked or unknown

21 (1.9)

18 (2.2)

3 (1.1)

 

4 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

4 (2.6)

 

Exposure history, n (%)

 Huanan seafood market

126 (11.9)

96 (11.8)

30 (12.2)

0.8499

35 (10.5)

29 (15.7)

6 (4.1)

0.0006

 Wuhan exposure

1032 (94.3)

788 (94.0)

244 (95.3)

0.4385

331 (96.2)

180 (94.7)

151 (98.1)

0.1089

 Other parts of Hubei

55 (5.2)

44 (5.4)

11 (4.6)

0.6121

12 (3.8)

10 (5.7)

2 (1.4)

0.0458

 Contact with wildlife

17 (1.6)

10 (1.2)

7 (3.0)

0.1169

7 (2.2)

7 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

0.0404

 Medical staff

16 (1.5)

16 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

0.0608

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1

 Clustered cases

125 (11.5)

88 (10.6)

37 (14.5)

0.1597

44 (12.8)

30 (15.8)

14 (9.2)

0.1736

Any comorbidity, n (%)

383 (34.8)

265 (31.5)

118 (45.2)

< 0.0001

176 (50.4)

80 (41.7)

96 (61.2)

0.0003

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

18 (1.7)

9 (1.1)

9 (3.6)

0.2117

13 (3.8)

5 (2.7)

8 (5.3)

1

 Diabetes

124 (11.4)

82 (9.8)

42 (16.5)

0.0033

62 (18.1)

23 (12.2)

39 (25.5)

0.0015

 Hypertension

265 (24.3)

189 (22.6)

76 (29.7)

0.0208

119 (34.7)

55 (29.0)

64 (41.8)

0.0127

 Chronic cardiac disease

70 (6.4)

49 (5.9)

21 (8.2)

0.1823

37 (10.8)

12 (6.3)

25 (16.3)

0.0029

 Chronic kidney disease

29 (2.7)

20 (2.4)

9 (3.5)

0.3326

10 (2.9)

4 (2.1)

6 (3.9)

0.5022

 Chronic liver disease

37 (3.4)

28 (3.4)

9 (3.5)

0.9165

12 (3.5)

4 (2.1)

8 (5.2)

0.1132

 Stroke

36 (3.3)

18 (2.2)

18 (7.3)

0.0001

21 (6.1)

10 (5.3)

11 (7.2)

0.4595

 Malignancy

29 (2.7)

17 (2.0)

12 (4.7)

0.0214

17 (5.0)

9 (4.7)

8 (5.2)

0.8347

 Immunosuppression

19 (1.8)

7 (0.8)

12 (4.7)

0.0001

17 (5.0)

8 (4.2)

9 (5.9)

0.4695

 Tuberculosis

14 (1.3)

8 (1.0)

6 (2.4)

0.1589

7 (2.1)

2 (1.1)

5 (3.3)

0.2858

Signs and symptoms at admission, n (%)

 Fever

889 (81.0)

671 (80.0)

218 (84.2)

0.1329

300 (86.7)

163 (84.9)

137 (89.0)

0.2684

 Median highest temperature (IQR) °C

38.5 (38.0, 39.0)

38.4 (38.0, 39.0)

38.55 (38.0, 39.0)

0.4549

38.5 (38.0, 39.0)

38.5 (38.0, 39.0)

38.5 (38.0, 39.0)

0.0554

 Nasal congestion

11 (1.0)

5 (0.6)

6 (2.3)

1

6 (1.7)

3 (1.6)

3 (2.0)

1

 Nasal discharges

16 (1.5)

10 (1.2)

6 (2.3)

0.309

6 (1.7)

3 (1.6)

3 (2.0)

1

 Sneeze

5 (0.5)

2 (0.2)

3 (1.2)

0.1646

3 (0.9)

2 (1.0)

1 (0.7)

1

 Sore throat

36 (3.3)

31 (3.7)

5 (1.9)

0.1611

8 (2.3)

5 (2.6)

3 (2.0)

0.9725

 Cough

810 (73.8)

600 (71.4)

210 (81.4)

0.0015

279 (80.9)

151 (78.7)

128 (83.7)

0.2394

 Sputum production

391 (35.6)

282 (33.6)

109 (42.3)

0.0113

135 (39.1)

70 (36.5)

65 (42.5)

0.2546

 Dyspnoea

488 (44.5)

333 (39.7)

155 (60.1)

< 0.0001

215 (62.3)

106 (55.2)

109 (71.2)

0.0023

 Chest pain

57 (5.2)

46 (5.5)

11 (4.3)

0.4294

16 (4.6)

10 (5.2)

6 (3.9)

0.5723

 Hemoptysis

11 (1.0)

8 (1.0)

3 (1.2)

1

6 (1.7)

3 (1.6)

3 (2.0)

1

 Headache

60 (5.5)

52 (6.3)

8 (3.1)

0.0527

9 (2.6)

7 (3.7)

2 (1.3)

0.3106

 Myalgia

126 (11.6)

88 (10.6)

38 (14.7)

0.0684

45 (13.0)

28 (14.6)

17 (11.1)

0.3414

 Fatigue

397 (36.3)

298 (35.6)

99 (38.5)

0.3878

136 (39.5)

71 (37.2)

65 (42.5)

0.3167

 Gastrointestinal symptoms

200 (18.3)

163 (19.5)

37 (14.3)

0.059

51 (14.8)

26 (13.5)

25 (16.3)

0.4669

 Eye symptoms

23 (2.1)

16 (1.9)

7 (2.7)

0.442

7 (2.0)

6 (3.1)

1 (0.7)

0.2175

 Rhonchi

51 (4.6)

33 (3.9)

18 (7.0)

0.0438

24 (6.9)

14 (7.3)

10 (6.5)

0.7715

 Crackles

150 (13.7)

111 (13.2)

39 (15.1)

0.454

59 (17.1)

32 (16.7)

27 (17.5)

0.8315

Systolic pressure

 Median (IQR), mmHg

122 (110, 134)

121 (110, 133)

123 (112, 136)

0.2233

126 (115, 139)

123 (112, 136)

130.5 (117, 144)

0.0201

Diastolic pressure

 Median (IQR), mmHg

80 (72, 87)

80 (72, 88)

80 (72, 87)

0.173

80 (73, 87)

80 (75, 87)

80 (72, 87)

0.2204

Heart rate

 Median (IQR), bpm

86 (79, 96)

85 (78, 95)

89 (80, 100)

0.0002

89 (80, 100)

88 (80, 98)

89 (82, 102)

0.1859

Respiratory rate

 Median (IQR), bpm

21 (20, 25)

21 (20, 24)

22 (20, 26)

0.3707

23 (20, 28)

22 (20, 28)

23 (20, 28)

0.2702

SOFA

2 (1, 5)

2 (0, 14)

4 (2, 8)

< 0.0001

5 (3, 10)

3 (2, 5)

10 (6, 18)

< 0.0001

APACHEII

3 (1, 5)

3 (1, 5)

5 (3, 8)

< 0.0001

6 (3, 10)

5 (2, 7)

10.5 (8, 17)

< 0.0001

Laboratory findings

Leucocytes- (IQR-109/L)

6.1 (4.5, 8.5)

5.8 (4.5, 7.8)

8.1 (5.0, 13.6)

< 0.0001

9.4 (5.8, 15.6)

7.3 (4.8, 10.2)

15.5 (8.9, 21.9)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

        

 <4

180 (16.8)

145 (17.5)

35 (14.4)

< 0.0001

40 (12.3)

26 (14.0)

14 (10.0)

< 0.0001

 4–10

707 (66.0)

593 (71.6)

114 (46.7)

 

133 (40.9)

109 (58.6)

24 (17.3)

 

 >10

185 (17.2)

90 (10.9)

95 (38.9)

 

152 (46.8)

51 (27.4)

101 (72.7)

 

Hemoglobin (IQR-g/L)

121 (110.0, 131.0)

121 (110.0, 130.0)

119 (108.0, 131.0)

0.1872

118 (107.0, 130.0)

116.5 (108.0, 129.0)

120 (103.0, 133.0)

0.5845

Distribution, n (%)

 ≤ 90

47 (4.4)

27 (3.3)

20 (8.3)

0.0008

27 (8.5)

10 (5.4)

17 (12.8)

0.0191

 >90

1021 (95.6)

800 (96.7)

221 (91.7)

 

292 (91.5)

176 (94.6)

116 (87.2)

 

Platelets (IQR-109/L)

196 (147.0, 253.0)

204 (159.0, 260.0)

153 (105.0, 216.0)

< 0.0001

151.5 (90.5, 208.0)

179.5 (140.0, 241.0)

90.5 (50.0, 165.0)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 <100

91 (8.5)

34 (4.1)

57 (23.5)

< 0.0001

88 (27.2)

15 (8.1)

73 (52.9)

< 0.0001

 ≥ 100

979 (91.5)

793 (95.9)

186 (76.5)

 

236 (72.8)

171 (91.9)

65 (47.1)

 

Neutrophils (IQR-109/L)

4.2 (2.8, 6.6)

3.8 (2.7, 5.7)

7.0 (3.6, 13.3)

< 0.0001

8.3 (4.6, 15.1)

5.6 (3.3, 9.1)

14.7 (9.9, 20.3)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 < 1.8

65 (6.2)

57 (6.9)

8 (3.4)

< 0.0001

8 (2.6)

4 (2.3)

4 (3.1)

< 0.0001

 1.8–6.3

703 (66.5)

606 (73.5)

97 (41.6)

 

109 (35.5)

96 (54.5)

13 (9.9)

 

 > 6.3

289 (27.3)

161 (19.6)

128 (55.0)

 

190 (61.9)

76 (43.2)

114 (87.0)

 

Lymphocytes (IQR-109/L)

1.2 (0.8, 1.6)

1.3 (0.9, 1.7)

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

< 0.0001

0.8 (0.4, 1.2)

1.0 (0.6, 1.4)

0.5 (0.3, 0.9)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 < 0.8

269 (25.6)

154 (18.8)

115 (49.6)

< 0.0001

161 (53.0)

67 (38.3)

94 (72.9)

< 0.0001

 ≥ 0.8

783 (74.4)

666 (81.2)

117 (50.4)

 

143 (47.0)

108 (61.7)

35 (27.1)

 

 CD3 (IQR-/μL)

626 (445, 964)

710 (470, 1132)

522 (367, 636.)

< 0.0001

522 (364, 659)

562 (427, 793)

367 (267, 409)

0.0004

 CD4 (IQR-/μL)

368 (252, 612)

416 (283, 730)

292 (207, 432)

0.0006

289 (185, 432)

353 (261, 489)

211 (145, 248)

0.0003

 CD8 (IQR-/μL)

237 (139, 337)

269 (188, 400)

155 (114, 252)

<  0.0001

155 (116, 252)

207 (128, 288)

129 (87, 144)

0.0044

 Prothrombin time (IQR-s)

11.4 (10.7, 12.4)

11.3 (10.6, 12.2)

11.9 (11.1, 13.4)

< 0.0001

12.4 (11.3, 13.9)

11.6 (10.0, 12.6)

14 (12.4, 17.5)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 <10.5

198 (19.1)

163 (20.4)

35 (14.7)

< 0.0001

38 (11.9)

34 (18.4)

4 (3.0)

< 0.0001

 10.5–13.5

726 (70.0)

580 (72.6)

146 (61.3)

 

183 (57.4)

131 (70.8)

52 (38.8)

 

 >13.5

113 (10.9)

56 (7.0)

57 (24.0)

 

98 (30.7)

20 (10.8)

78 (58.2)

 

Activated-partial thromboplastin time (IQR-s)

27.6 (24.3, 32.2)

27 (23.9, 31.1)

29.9 (25.7, 35.8)

< 0.0001

30 (25.0, 35.8)

29 (24.7, 34.3)

33.4 (26.1, 38.9)

0.0006

Distribution, n (%)

 <21

64 (6.2)

47 (5.9)

17 (7.3)

< 0.0001

21 (6.7)

14 (7.7)

7 (5.4)

< 0.0001

 21–37

870 (84.2)

699 (87.5)

171 (73.1)

 

228 (73.1)

148 (80.9)

80 (62.0)

 

 >37

99 (9.6)

53 (6.6)

46 (19.6)

 

63 (20.1)

21 (11.4)

42 (32.6)

 

Thrombin time (IQR-s)

17.8 (16.7, 20.6)

17.7 (16.7, 20.0)

18.4 (17.1, 22.4)

< 0.0001

18.4 (17.1, 21.7)

18.3 (17.1, 21.3)

18.4 (17.1, 23.0)

0.5313

Distribution, n (%)

 <13

8 (0.8)

8 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

0.0044

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.4132

 13–21

782 (75.7)

618 (77.4)

164 (70.1)

 

224 (72.0)

135 (73.8)

89 (69.5)

 

 >21

243 (23.5)

173 (21.6)

70 (29.9)

 

87 (28.0)

48 (26.2)

39 (30.5)

 

 D-dimer (IQR-μg/mL)

0.8 (0.4, 1.9)

0.74 (0.4, 1.4)

1.38 (0.5, 9.4)

< 0.0001

2.21 (0.7, 18.1)

0.95 (0.5, 2.8)

17.83 (4.5, 56.5)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 ≤ 0.5

322 (31.9)

268 (34.5)

54 (23.2)

< 0.0001

55 (17.5)

51 (27.9)

4 (3.1)

< 0.0001

0.5–1

271 (26.8)

227 (29.2)

44 (18.9)

 

52 (16.6)

43 (23.5)

9 (6.9)

 

 >1

417 (41.3)

282 (36.3)

135 (57.9)

 

207 (65.9)

89 (48.6)

118 (90.0)

 

 Total bilirubin (IQR-μmol/L)

12.7 (9.9, 17.0)

12.1 (9.6, 15.6)

16 (11.7, 24.9)

< 0.0001

16.7 (11.9, 26.4)

14.05 (11.0, 18.4)

24.9 (16.6, 36.1)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 ≤ 26

954 (91.8)

777 (95.8)

177 (77.6)

< 0.0001

228 (74.5)

155 (90.1)

73 (54.5)

< 0.0001

 >26

85 (8.2)

34 (4.2)

51 (22.4)

 

78 (25.5)

17 (9.9)

61 (45.5)

 

 Alanine aminotransferase ( (IQR-U/L)

41.5 (25.0, 64.0)

38 (23.0, 60.0)

51 (34.0, 83.0)

< 0.0001

50 (32.0, 79.0)

50 (33.0, 75.0)

47 (31.0, 84.0)

0.7016

Distribution, n (%)

 ≤ 40

524 (49.2)

436 (52.9)

88 (36.5)

< 0.0001

123 (38.3)

72 (38.7)

51 (37.8)

0.8654

 >40

542 (50.8)

389 (47.1)

153 (63.5)

 

198 (61.7)

114 (61.3)

84 (62.2)

 

Aspartate aminotransferase (IQR-U/L)

34 (26.0, 49.0)

31 (24.0, 44.0)

46.5 (34.0, 72.0)

< 0.0001

48 (35.0, 74.0)

40 (31.0, 57.0)

58 (44.0, 109.0)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 ≤ 40

679 (63.7)

584 (70.9)

95 (39.3)

< 0.0001

118 (36.5)

96 (51.6)

22 (16.1)

< 0.0001

 >40

387 (36.3)

240 (29.1)

147 (60.7)

 

205 (63.5)

90 (48.4)

115 (83.9)

 

 Albumin (IQR-g/L)

31.7 (28.5, 35.0)

32.4 (29.6, 35.7)

28.3 (26.0, 31.5)

< 0.0001

28 (25.5, 30.7)

29.5 (27.4, 32.3)

26.2 (24.3, 28.3)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 <40

1024 (95.9)

780 (94.7)

244 (100.0)

0.0003

326 (100.0)

186 (100.0)

140 (100.0)

1

 40–55

41 (3.8)

41 (5.0)

0 (0.0)

 

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

 >55

3 (0.3)

3 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

 

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

 Blood urea nitrogen (IQR-mmol/L)

5 (4.0, 6.4)

4.8 (3.8, 5.8)

6.5 (5.0, 10.2)

< 0.0001

7.2 (5.4, 11.7)

6.1 (4.7, 7.7)

13.2 (7.7, 20.3)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 <3.1

81 (7.6)

74 (9.0)

7 (2.9)

< 0.0001

7 (2.2)

7 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

< 0.0001

 3.1–8

838 (78.6)

688 (83.6)

150 (61.7)

 

177 (55.5)

139 (75.1)

38 (28.4)

 

 >8

147 (13.8)

61 (7.4)

86 (35.4)

 

135 (42.3)

39 (21.1)

96 (71.6)

 

 Serum creatinine (IQR-umol/L)

72.4 (59.4, 87.2)

70.9 (59.0, 83.0)

78.8 (62.5, 104.0)

< 0.0001

79.6 (63.0, 109.8)

73.9 (59.5, 91.6)

107.8 (69.2, 196.7)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 >133

65 (6.1)

24 (2.9)

41 (16.9)

< 0.0001

60 (18.9)

8 (4.3)

52 (39.4)

< 0.0001

 ≤ 133

995 (93.9)

794 (97.1)

201 (83.1)

 

257 (81.1)

177 (95.7)

80 (60.6)

 

 Creatine kinase (IQR-U/L)

76 (50.0, 141.0)

71 (49.0, 123.0)

123 (54.0, 247.0)

< 0.0001

124.5 (55.5, 274.5)

89 (48.0, 196.0)

240 (101.0, 553.0)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 <50

235 (24.4)

190 (25.2)

45 (21.5)

< 0.0001

53 (19.5)

46 (27.7)

7 (6.6)

< 0.0001

 50–310

640 (66.5)

517 (68.6)

123 (58.9)

 

159 (58.4)

102 (61.5)

57 (53.8)

 

 >310

88 (9.1)

47 (6.2)

41 (19.6)

 

60 (22.1)

18 (10.8)

42 (39.6)

 

 Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (IQR-U/L)

13 (10.0, 17.0)

13 (10.0, 16.0)

17 (13.0, 24.0)

< 0.0001

18 (14.0, 27.0)

15 (12.0, 20.0)

24 (18.0, 47.0)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

        

 ≤ 24

921 (90.8)

747 (95.3)

174 (75.7)

< 0.0001

213 (70.5)

149 (84.7)

64 (50.8)

< 0.0001

 >24

93 (9.2)

37 (4.7)

56 (24.3)

 

89 (29.5)

27 (15.3)

62 (49.2)

 

Serum prealbumin (IQR-g/L)

132 (85.0, 191.0)

144 (98.0, 201.0)

86 (48.0, 132.0)

< 0.0001

78 (44.5, 122.5)

105.5 (70.5, 152.5)

48.5 (29.5, 75.0)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

 <200

799 (77.9)

588 (74.0)

211 (91.3)

< 0.0001

286 (92.9)

160 (88.9)

126 (98.4)

0.0013

 200–430

227 (22.1)

207 (26.0)

20 (8.7)

 

22 (7.1)

20 (11.1)

2 (1.6)

 

 Serum amyloid protein A (IQR-mg/L)

186 (28.9, 272.3)

151.6 (20.6, 259.1)

242.4 (177.4, 284.0)

< 0.0001

246.45 (180.4, 284.0)

241.2 (132.4, 284.0)

260.1 (188.9, 284.0)

0.0103

Distribution, n (%)

        

 ≤ 10

150 (16.9)

140 (20.0)

10 (5.4)

< 0.0001

11 (4.3)

9 (6.0)

2 (1.9)

0.2075

 >10

737 (83.1)

560 (80.0)

177 (94.6)

 

245 (95.7)

142 (94.0)

103 (98.1)

 

C-reactive-protein (IQR-mg/L)

25.6 (4.9, 79.1)

18.4 (3.8, 54.4)

86.25 (22.3, 160.0)

< 0.0001

102.5 (37.6, 160.0)

52.4 (12.1, 103.0)

160 (124.2, 177.1)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

        

 ≤ 6.9

287 (30.2)

259 (35.4)

28 (12.8)

< 0.0001

31 (10.7)

28 (17.4)

3 (2.3)

< 0.0001

 >6.9

663 (69.8)

473 (64.6)

190 (87.2)

 

258 (89.3)

133 (82.6)

125 (97.7)

 

Serum ferritin (IQR-ng/mL)

377.72 (133.72, 723.96)

344.66 (136.53, 625.70)

557.58 (79.26, 1264.47)

0.0002

618.13 (150.31, 1503.90)

647.98 (245.35, 1193.72)

616.55 (38.68, 2000.00)

0.8666

Distribution, n (%)

        

 <21.8

35 (5.0)

27 (5.2)

8 (4.4)

0.0931

9 (3.6)

5 (3.6)

4 (3.6)

0.1069

 21.8-274.6

247 (35.1)

192 (36.9)

55 (30.0)

 

71 (28.5)

32 (23.4)

39 (34.8)

 

 > 274.6

421 (59.9)

301 (57.9)

120 (65.6)

 

169 (67.9)

100 (73.0)

69 (61.6)

 

Interleukin-6 (IQR-pg/mL)

14.0 (7.8, 398.8)

14.6 (7.8, 354.4)

13.3 (8.0, 648.4)

0.1783

13.9 (8.4, 660.9)

10.5 (7.2, 458.0)

31.9 (11.1, 1487.0)

< 0.0001

Distribution, n (%)

        

 ≤ 7

28 (3.7)

20 (3.4)

8 (4.6)

0.4741

8 (3.4)

5 (4.0)

3 (2.8)

0.8896

 > 7

729 (96.3)

563 (96.6)

166 (95.4)

 

226 (96.6)

121 (96.0)

105 (97.2)

 

Radiologic findings

        

 Abnormalities, n (%)

        

 Ground-glass opacity

958 (92.3)

734 (91.9)

224 (93.7)

0.3444

293 (93.3)

176 (94.1)

117 (92.1)

0.4881

 Pulmonary consolidation

171 (16.5)

106 (13.3)

65 (27.2)

< 0.0001

88 (28.0)

49 (26.2)

39 (30.7)

0.383

 Pulmonary interstitial abnormalities

646 (62.3)

471 (59.0)

175 (73.2)

< 0.0001

229 (72.9)

138 (73.8)

91 (71.7)

0.6749

 Pneumothorax

26 (2.5)

18 (2.3)

8 (3.4)

0.3437

13 (4.1)

6 (3.2)

7 (5.5)

0.3147

 Pleural effusion

44 (4.2)

33 (4.1)

11 (4.6)

0.7505

16 (5.1)

10 (5.4)

6 (4.7)

0.8053

  1. SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHEII Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II