Characteristics and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID-19 in Belgian and French intensive care units according to antiviral strategies: the COVADIS multicentre observational study

Grimaldi, David; Aissaoui, Nadia; Blonz, Gauthier; Carbutti, Giuseppe; Courcelle, Romain; Gaudry, Stephane; Gaultier, Aurelie; D’hondt, Alain; Higny, Julien; Horlait, Geoffrey; Hraiech, Sami; Lefebvre, Laurent; Lejeune, Francois; Ly, Andre; Piagnerelli, Michael; Sauneuf, Bertrand; Serck, Nicolas; Soumagne, Thibaud; Szychowiak, Piotr; Textoris, Julien; Vandenbunder, Benoit; Vinsonneau, Christophe; Lascarrou, Jean- Baptiste

doi:10.1186/s13613-020-00751-y

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics according to antiviral strategy

From: Characteristics and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID-19 in Belgian and French intensive care units according to antiviral strategies: the COVADIS multicentre observational study

Total	No antiviral	Lopinavir ritonavir	Hydroxychloroquine	Other^a	P value^b
N = 415	N = 85	N = 57	N = 220	N = 53	P value^b
France (vs Belgium), n (%)	77 (91)	56 (98)	96 (43.6)	15 (28)	< 0.001
Age, mean ± SD	63 ± 11	63 ± 12	64 ± 10	62 ± 10	0.54
Gender, male, n (%)	64 (75)	46 (80)	169 (77)	42 (79)	0.87
Body mass index, mean ± SD N = 84/57/215/53	30 ± 5	29 ± 5	30 ± 5	29 ± 5	0.47
History of chronic hypertension, n (%)	51 (60)	23 (40)	131 (59)	30 (57)	0.06
Charlson Comorbidity Index	1 (0–2)	1 (0–2)	1 (0–2)	0 (0–1)	0.02
0	33 (39)	17 (30)	88 (40)	33 (62)	0.005
1	16 (19)	19 (33)	65 (29)	8 (15)
2 or more	36 (42)	21 (37)	67 (31)	12 (23)
Duration between symptoms onset and initiation, median [IQR]	NA	8 [7–10]	7 [5–10]	8 [6–10]	0.18
N = -/49/192/46	NA	8 [7–10]	7 [5–10]	8 [6–10]	0.18
Macrolides, n (%)	34 (40)	47 (82)	158 (72)	21 (40)	< 0.001
Including azithromycin, N = 260 (%)	6 (18)	7 (15)	105 (67)	7 (33)	< 0.001
Co-infection, n (%)	3 (4)	2 (4)	36 (16)	8 (15)	0.003
Tidal volume, (mL/kg of IBW), mean ± SD	6.2 ± 0.7	6.0 ± 0.5	6.4 ± 1	6.0 ± 0.7	0.004
N = 83/57/214/53	6.2 ± 0.7	6.0 ± 0.5	6.4 ± 1	6.0 ± 0.7	0.004
Total PEEP (cmH₂O), mean ± SD	11 ± 3	11 ± 3	12 ± 3	12 ± 3	0.11
Plateau pressure (cmH₂O), mean ± SD	23 ± 4	23 ± 3	24 ± 4	22 ± 4	0.004
N = 71/45/202/49	23 ± 4	23 ± 3	24 ± 4	22 ± 4	0.004
P/F ratio, mean ± SD	132 ± 39	143 ± 54	124 ± 54	117 ± 44	0.02
Driving pressure, mean ± SD	13 ± 4	11 ± 4	12 ± 4	10 ± 3	0.001
N = 71/45/202/49	13 ± 4	11 ± 4	12 ± 4	10 ± 3	0.001
Neuromuscular blockade, n (%)	78 (92)	50 (88)	178 (81)	44 (83)	0.11
Inhaled nitric oxide, n (%)	6 (7)	4 (7)	37 (17)	4 (8)	0.03
Prone position, n (%)	62 (73)	39 (68)	189 (86)	43 (81)	0.006
Corticosteroids, n (%)	10 (15)	10 (18)	52 (24)	13 (25)	0.41
N = 393^c	10 (15)	10 (18)	52 (24)	13 (25)	0.41
Inhibitor of Il6, n (%)	1 (1)	0	9 (4)	0	0.12

^aIncluding OHQ + L/R N = 32; OHQ + REM N = 10; REM N = 11
^bP value was calculated using Chi-2, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis as appropriate
^cSome patients were included in a double blind RCT steroids vs placebo (NCT02517489)
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, IBW ideal body weight, P/F ratio PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, OHQ hydroxychloroquine, L/R lopinavir/ritonavir, REM remdesivir

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