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Table 2 Odds ratio (95% CI) for in-hospital mortality according to ICU grade and use of mechanical ventilator in South Korea, 2009 to 2014

From: The effect of bed-to-nurse ratio on hospital mortality of critically ill children on mechanical ventilation: a nationwide population-based study

Bed-to-nurse grade

No. of patients

No. of deaths (%)

Model 1

OR (95% CI)

Model 2

OR (95% CI)

Overall

 Grade 1

11,691

531 (4.5)

Reference

Reference

 Grade 2

5095

345 (6.8)

1.71 (1.13–2.58)

2.49 (1.46–4.24)

 Grade 3

6797

468 (6.9)

1.83 (1.21–2.76)

3.61 (2.13–6.14)

 Grade 4 or above

4266

199 (4.7)

1.27 (0.83–1.95)

4.74 (2.65–8.46)

 p-value

  

0.003

< 0.01

No-mechanical ventilation

 Grade 1

5081

69 (1.4)

Reference

Reference

 Grade 2

2513

34 (1.4)

1.36 (0.69–2.66)

1.23 (0.63–2.39)

 Grade 3

4877

59 (1.2)

1.68 (0.90–3.14)

1.51 (0.80–2.86)

 Grade 4 or above

3750

25 (0.7)

1.27 (0.63–2.56)

0.99 (0.45–2.14)

 p-value

  

0.395

0.359

Mechanical ventilation

 Grade 1

6610

462 (7.0)

Reference

Reference

 Grade 2

2582

311 (12.0)

2.00 (1.24–3.24)

2.73 (1.51–4.95)

 Grade 3

1920

409 (21.3)

2.65 (1.65–4.25)

4.02 (2.23–7.26)

 Grade 4 or above

516

174 (33.7)

4.15 (2.50–6.89)

7.83 (4.07–15.07)

 p-value

  

< 0.01

< 0.01

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and primary diagnosis
  2. Model 2 further adjusted for medical/surgical admission, hospital type, interventions for critical care (vasopressor drugs, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and hemodialysis)
  3. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, ICU intensive care unit