Table 1 Characteristics of patients
Characteristic | Total cohort | SOFA > 3 at 48 h | SOFA ≤ 3 at 48 h | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 60 (100.0) | 29 (48.3) | 31 (51.7) | – |
Male sex | 56 (93.3) | 27 (45.0) | 29 (48.3) | 1.000 |
Age at the enrollment, years | 67 [57–73] | 70 [66–74] | 60 [54–69] | 0.002 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.0 [24.3–30.8] | 27.7 [24.3–31.2] | 26.8 [24.3–30.5] | 0.641 |
Smokers | 30 (50.0) | 15 (25.0) | 15 (25.0) | 1.000 |
Medical conditions | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 17 (28.3) | 6 (10.0) | 11 (18.3) | 0.258 |
Hypertension | 31 (51.7) | 16 (26.7) | 15 (25.0) | 0.617 |
Dyslipidemia | 25 (41.7) | 12 (20.0) | 13 (21.7) | 1.000 |
Angina | 24 (40.0) | 7 (11.7) | 17 (28.3) | 0.019 |
Myocardial infarction | 18 (30.0) | 7 (11.7 | 11 (18.3) | 0.405 |
Peripheral artery disease | 5 (8.3) | 3 (5.0) | 2 (3.3) | 0.666 |
Left ventricle ejection fraction, % | 60 [55–65] (n = 49) | 65 [60–70] (n = 26) | 60 [54–65] (n = 23) | 0.023 |
Preoperative atrial fibrillation; | 10 (16.6) | 9 (15.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.005 |
Paroxysmal | 5 (8.3) | 4 (6.7) | 1 (1.7) | |
Permanent | 5 (8.3) | 5 (8.3) | 0 | |
Preoperative biology | ||||
Cockcroft creatinine clearance, mL/min | 109 [85–134] | 87 [81–113] | 124 [107–157] | < 0.001 |
Preoperative platelet count, G/L | 218 [195–275] | 212 [184–255] | 229 [198–284] | 0.143 |
Preoperative hemoglobinemia, g/dL | 14.4 [13.5–15.3] | 14.6 [13.6–15.5] | 14.3 [13.4–15.0] | 0.139 |
Preoperative CRP rate, mg/La | 4 [4–4] | 4 [4–4] | 4 [4–4] | 0.282 |
Preoperative medications | ||||
Beta-blocker | 41 (68.3) | 21 (35.0) | 20 (33.3) | 0.585 |
ACE inhibitors or ARB | 38 (63.3) | 17 (28.3) | 21 (35.0) | 0.593 |
Antiplatelet therapy | 41 (68.3) | 17 (28.3) | 24 (40.0) | 0.166 |
Aspirin therapy | 40 (66.7) | 16 (26.7) | 24 (40.0) | 0.100 |
Dual antiplatelet therapy | 21 (35.0) | 9 (15.0) | 12 (20.0) | 0.595 |
Calcium channel blocker | 8 (13.3) | 5 (8.3) | 3 (5.0) | 0.465 |
Anticoagulant | 10 (16.7) | 9 (15.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.005 |
Statins therapy | 40 (66.7) | 19 (31.7) | 21 (35.0) | 1.000 |
Skin perfusion confounders | ||||
Skin temperature during evaluation, °C | 32.9 [32.1–33.7] | 32.9 [32.1–33.8] | 32.9 [32.0–33.5] | 0.412 |
Elective CABG | 30 (50.0) | 11 (18.3) | 19 (31.7) | 0.120 |
Elective valvular surgery | 30 (50.0) | 18 (30.0) | 12 (20.0) | |
EuroSCORE II | 0.81 [0.67–1.19] | 1.05 [0.76–1.39] | 0.80 [0.56–1.06] | 0.020 |
Intraoperative confounders | ||||
Duration of surgery, min | 197 [168–249] | 205 [166–245] | 195 [168–249] | 0.690 |
Duration of aortic clamping, min | 69 [51–95] | 84 [59–119] | 64 [48–80] | 0.044 |
Duration of CPB, min | 95 [72–119] | 102 [80–144] | 86 [60–114] | 0.067 |
Intraoperative total dose of heparin, UI | 22,250 (16,500–28,875) | 24,000 [17500–29000] | 21,000 [16000–27000] | 0.325 |
Intraoperative norepinephrine | n = 41 | n = 22 | n = 19 | 0.958 |
Dose by weight by duration of CPB, μg/kg/min | 0.154 [0.092–0.247] | 0.15 [0.09–0.28] | 0.18 [0.07–0.25] | |