Table 2 Outcomes in a trial of HDIVC in patients with COVID-19
From: Pilot trial of high-dose vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Variable | Day | Vitamin C (n = 27) | Placebo (n = 29) | Difference, coefficient (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMVFD28, days | 26.0[9.0–28.0] | 22.0[8.5–28.0] | 1.3(− 4.7 to 7.2) | 0.57 | |
IMV days to day 28, days | 1.5[0.0-19.0] | 6.0[0.0–16.0] | − 0.8(− 6.4 to 4.9) | 0.60 | |
HFNC days to day 28, days | 0.5[0.0-8.3] | 2.0[0.0 -7.0] | 0.2(− 2.9 to 3.3) | 0.85 | |
NIV days to day 28, days | 0.0[0.0 -3.3] | 0.0[0.0-1.8] | 1.2(− 1.2 to 3.7) | 0.68 | |
Patients’ condition deterioration, n, % | 3(11.5) | 6(24.0) | 0.4(0.1 to 1.7) | 0.19 | |
Patients’ condition improvement, n, % | 5(19.2) | 6(21.4) | 0.9(0.2 to 3.3) | 0.84 | |
ICU mortality, n, % | 6(22.2) | 11(37.9) | HR 0.5(0.2 to 1.5) | 0.20 | |
ICU mortality of patients with SOFA ≥ 3, n, % | 5(21.7) | 11(52.4) | HR 0.2(0.1 to 0.9) | 0.04 | |
ICU stay, days | 22.9 ± 14.8 | 17.8 ± 13.3 | 5.0(− 2.5 to 12.7) | 0.20 | |
Hospital mortality, n, % | 6(22.2) | 11(37.9) | HR 0.5(0.2 to 1.5) | 0.20 | |
Hospital mortality of patients with SOFA ≥ 3, n, % | 5(21.7) | 11(52.4) | HR 0.2(0.1 to 0.9) | 0.04 | |
Hospital stay, days | 35.0 ± 17.0 | 32.8 ± 17.0 | 2.2(− 7.5 to 11.8) | 0.65 | |
28-day mortality, n, % | 6(22.2) | 10(34.5) | HR 0.5(0.2 to 1.8) | 0.31 | |
28 days mortality of patients with SOFA ≥ 3, n, % | 5(21.7) | 10(47.6) | HR 0.3(0.1 to 1.1) | 0.07 | |
SOFA scores | |||||
1 | 3.5[3–6.8] | 2.0[3.0–5.0] | 0.7(− 0.9 to 2.3) | 0.37 | |
3 | 4.0[2.0–8.0] | 4.0[3.0–7.0] | − 0.3(− 2.6 to 1.9) | 0.50 | |
7 | 3.0[2.0–5.8] | 6.0[2.50–8.0] | − 1.14(− 3.1 to 0.8) | 0.24 | |
△7 | 0.0[-2.75–1.0] | 0.0[–1.0–3.5] | − 1.35(-3.04− 0.34) | 0.25 | |
Lowest P/F | |||||
1 | 188.7 ± 95.4 | 210.6 ± 128.5 | 34.6(− 91.9 to 48.0) | 0.53 | |
3 | 217.3 ± 96.5 | 189.5 ± 101.9 | 30.7(− 34.3 to 89.9) | 0.37 | |
7 | 228.5 ± 72.6 | 150.7 ± 75.3 | 22.1(33.2 to 122.5) | 0.01 | |
△7 | 20.0 ± 96.68 | − 51.88 ± 150.72 | 41.02(5.92-172.45) | 0.04 | |
Lowest MAP | |||||
1 | 88.4 ± 16.6 | 93.4 ± 18.9 | − 3.34(− 13.08 -6.38) | 0.49 | |
3 | 87.6 ± 12.42 | 91.00 ± 14.00 | − 3.40(− 10.74 -3.94) | 0.36 | |
7 | 87.74 ± 14.24 | 88.77 ± 10.97 | − 1.03(− 8.58 -6.53) | 0.79 | |
Advanced life support, n, % | |||||
CRRT | |||||
1 | 1(3.8) | 3(10.7) | OR 0.3(0.0 to 3.5) | 0.61 | |
7 | 3(12.5) | 1(3.8) | OR 3.57(0.4 to 36.9) | 0.34 | |
ECMO | |||||
1 | 1(3.8) | 2(7.1) | OR 0.5(0.0 to 6.0) | 1.00 | |
7 | 0(0.0) | 2(9.1) | OR 0.5(0.4 to 0.7) | 0.50 | |
Oxygen-support category | |||||
HFNC | |||||
1 | 7(25.9) | 11(37.9) | OR 0.6(0.2 to 1.8) | 0.40 | |
7 | 11(47.8) | 9(39.1) | OR 14.3(0.4 to 4.6) | 0.77 | |
NIV | |||||
1 | 7(25.9) | 7(24.1) | OR 1.1(0.3 to 3.7) | 1.00 | |
7 | 7(30.4) | 2(8.7) | OR 4.6(0.8 to 25.2) | 0.14 | |
IMV | |||||
1 | 11(40.7) | 12(41.3) | OR 1.0(0.3 to 2.9) | 1.00 | |
7 | 10(43.5) | 11(47.8) | OR 0.8(0.3 to 2.7) | 1.00 | |
Complications, n, % | |||||
Septic shock | 9(34.6) | 8(28.6) | OR 1.3(0.4 to 2.4) | 0.77 | |
Acute cardiac injury | 7(26.9) | 13(48.1) | OR 0.4(0.1 to 1.3) | 0.16 | |
Acute liver injury | 12(48.0) | 13(48.1) | OR 1.0(0.3 to 3.0) | 1.00 | |
Acute kidney injury | 3(12.0) | 6(22.2) | OR 0.5(0.1 to 2.2) | 0.50 | |
Coagulation disorders | 9(34.6) | 7(25.9) | OR 1.5(0.5 to 5.0) | 0.56 |