Table 1 Demographic characteristics, outcomes and antibiotics used

N patients

1009

1067

N patients with ICU stay > 48 h

767 (76.0%)

826 (77.4%)

0.45

Age (years)

55.5 (19.9%)

54.7 (19.6%)

0.38

SAPS II mean ± SD

42 ± 24

40 ± 25

0.01

All patient’s ICU length of stay > 48 h

n = 767

n = 826

SAPS II mean ± SD

42 ± 21

40 ± 21

0.08

Sepsis (community or acquired)

374 (48.8%)

320 (38.7%)

 < 0.0001

Catecholamines administrated in septic patients

170 (22.2%)

151 (18.3%)

0.06

Primary outcome

 ICU-acquired ESBL-E

145 (18.9%)

92 (11.1%)

 < 0.0001

Secondary outcomes

 ESBL-E infections

60 (7.8%)

37 (4.5%)

0.005

 All-cause ICU mortality

215 (28.0%)

184 (22.3%)

0.01

 All-cause hospital mortality

256 (33.4%)

226 (27.4%)

0.01

 ICU length of stay, days median ± IQR

6 [4–12]

5 [4–10]

0.02

 Patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy

332 (43.3%)

440 (53.5%)

 < 0.0001

 Number of patients receiving antibiotics

n = 435

n = 386

 < 0.0001

Antibiotics administrated

 Amoxicillin

29 (6.7%)

67 (17.6%)

< 0.0001

 Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid

122 (88.0%)

69 (17.9%)

< 0.0001

 Piperacillin/tazobactam

169 (38.9%)

18 (4.7%)

< 0.0001

 Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone (C3G)

196 (45.1%)

162 (42%)

0.37

 Cefoxitin (cephamycin)

6 (1.4%)

34 (8.8%)

< 0.0001

 Ceftazidime

19 (4.4%)

40 (10.4%)

< 0.0001

 Cefepim

7 (1.6%)

18 (4.3%)

0.01

 Carbapenem

54 (12.4%)

14 (4.7%)

< 0.0001

Antibiotics targeting anaerobic pathogens*

379 (87.1%)

171 (37.5%)

< 0.0001