Biomarkers and clinical scores to aid the identification of disease severity and intensive care requirement following activation of an in-hospital sepsis code

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Intensive (ICU) and surgical intensive (ICU) care unit admission from the emergency department and ward

	Biomarker or clinical score	Patients (N)	Events (N)	AUROC	Univariate
	Biomarker or clinical score	Patients (N)	Events (N)	AUROC	LR χ²	OR IQR [95% CI]
Emergency department	MR-proADM	39	16	0.80 [0.66–0.94]	10.55	8.18 [1.75–28.33]
	PCT	37	16	0.74 [0.57–0.90]	7.18	3.59 [1.27–10.12]
	CRP	38	16	0.64 [0.46–0.82]	2.83	1.98 [0.85–4.60]
	Lactate	33	14	0.45 [0.24–0.65]	0.72	0.60 [0.18–1.99]
	APACHE II	16	14	0.63 [0.33–0.92]	0.21	1.63 [0.20–13.47]
	SOFA	39	16	0.78 [0.64–0.93]	10.21	5.04 [1.59–15.99]
Ward admission	MR-proADM	63	28	0.72 [0.64–0.79]	10.1	3.64 [1.43–9.29]
	PCT	63	28	0.59 [0.46–0.72]	3.5	1.85 [0.93–3.69]
	CRP	63	28	0.57 [0.41–0.65]	0.8	0.76 [0.41–1.41]
	Lactate	63	28	0.57 [0.44–0.70]	1.7	1.49 [0.81–2.74]
	APACHE II	20	16	0.69 [0.40–0.77]	1.3	0.38 [0.06–2.27]
	SOFA	63	28	0.64 [0.49–0.75]	3.8	2.03 [0.97–4.24]

APACHE II Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, AUROC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein, IQR interquartile range, LR likelihood ratio of the χ² test, MR-proADM mid-regional proadrenomedullin, N number, OR odds ratio, PCT procalcitonin, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score