Table 1 Characteristics of 387 patients with severe rhabdomyolysis

Age (years)

48.8 (34.5–62.5)

50 ± 18

47 ± 21

0.09

Female gender (n, %)

115 (29.7)

68 (29.7)

47 (29.7)

1.00

Past medical history

 Drugs abuse (n, %)

75 (19.3)

21 (9.2)

9 (5.7)

0.25

 Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

30 (7.7)

29 (12.7)

10 (6.3)

0.06

 Cirrhosis (n, %)

27 (6.9)

4 (1.7)

1 (0.6)

0.65

 RAAS blocking agents (n, %)

5 (1.2)

44 (19.2)

20 (12.6)

0.10

 Cortisone (n, %)

64 (16.5)

8 (3.5)

1 (0.6)

0.09

 Diuretics (n, %)

9 (2.3)

20 (8.7)

7 (4.4)

0.14

Characteristics at the admission

 Creatine phosphokinase (×10³; IU/L)

8167 [3173–19,604]

31.7 ± 99.7

10.9 ± 15.4

0.0002

 Myoglobin (×10³; ng/mL)

8433 [3272–21,715]

24.6 ± 41.3

10.1 ± 18.9

< 0.0001

 Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)

1.27 [0.89–1.69]

1.58 ± 0.8

1.1 ± 0.52

< 0.0001

 Serum calcium (mmol/L)

2.07 [1.83–2.22]

2.01 ± 0.3

2.08 ± 0.3

0.02

 Serum potassium (mmol/L)

4.4 [3.9–5.3]

4.9 ± 1.2

4.2 ± 0.8

< 0.0001

 Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L)

21 [17–24]

19.3 ± 5.4

2.2 ± 4.8

< 0.0001

 Arterial lactates (mmol/L)

2.9 [1.7–4.9]

4.5 ± 3.9

3.3 ± 3.2

0.001

 Bilirubin (mmol/L)

10 [6.4–16.3]

75 ± 20

65 ± 22

0.51

 Prothrombin time (%)

87 (22.4)

201 ± 91

205 ± 90

< 0.0001

 Platelet count (G/L)

194 [137–255]

12.6 ± 3.1

14.6 ± 15

0.39

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.9 [11–14.7]

0.24

Causes of rhabdomyolysis

0.03

 Crush syndrome (n, %)

108 (27.9)

52 (22.8)

56 (35.4)

 Vascular ischemia (n, %)

71 (18.3)

42 (18.3)

18 (11.4)

 Status epilepticus (n, %)

15 (3.9)

7 (3)

8 (5)

 Immobilization (n, %)

131 (33.9)

83 (36.2)

48 (30.3)

 Malignant hyperthermia (n, %)

7 (1.8)

6 (2.7)

1 (0.7)

 Other (n, %)

66 (17)

39 (17)

27 (17.2)

Life-sustaining treatments at day 1

 Vasoactive drugs (n, %)

185 (47.8)

133 (58)

52 (32.9)

< 0.0001

 Mechanical ventilation (n, %)

229 (59.1)

155 (67.7)

74 (46.8)

< 0.0001