Table 2 Characteristics and outcomes based on ROX index over or under 4.88

Age (year) median, (IQR)

63.5 (55–71)

63 (54–69)

0.57

Gender, male (n, %)

130 (71)

78 (66)

0.48

Comorbidities (n, %)

 Cardiovascular

93 (58)

58 (56)

0.8

 Pulmonary

61 (38)

43 (41)

0.69

 Renal

28 (18)

21 (20)

0.72

Charlson Index median, (IQR) missing data = 36

5 (4–7)

5 (3–6)

0.42

Underlying disease (n, %)

 Haematological malignancy, n (%)

139 (75)

86 (73)

0.36

Allogeneic stem cell transplant, n (%)

19 (11)

9 (8)

0.56

Performance status > 2 (n, %)

63 (34)

42 (36)

0.13

Number of quadrant involved = 3 or 4 (n,%) missing data = 56

68 (45)

54 (57)

0.09

Aetiology of ARF (n, %)

0.84

 Bacterial or viral pneumonia

92 (50)

58 (49)

 Opportunistic infection

29 (16)

25 (21)

 Lung involvement by the underlying disease Drug-related pulmonary toxicity

16 (9)

10 (8)

 Other identified causes

33 (18)

19 (16)

 No identified cause

12 (6)

5 (4)

Neutropenia recovery at admission (n,%)

18 (10)

7 (6)

0.33

SOFA day 1 missing data = 25

4 (2–7)

4.5 (2–7)

0.94

RR 30 min after randomization median, (IQR) missing data = 14

25 (21–30)

31 (25–35)

 < 0.001

Oxygen flow > 9 L/min at randomization, n (%)

94 (51)

72 (13)

0.49

NIV group

30 (16)

15 (13)

0.45

Glasgow score at 15 at Day 1 (n, %)

160 (87)

97 (82)

0.52

Outcomes

 Intubated during ICU (n, %)

55 (30)

60 (51)

 < 0.001

 Length between ICU admission and intubation

3 (1–4.5)

2 (1–2.5)

0.005

 Vasopressor during ICU stay, n (%)

71 (39)

62 (52)

0.03

Renal Replacement Therapy during ICU stay, n (%)

30 (16)

19 (16)

0.32

 End of life decision during ICU stay, n (%)

47 (26)

47 (36)

0.02

 Day 28 mortality (n,%)

39 (21)

44 (37)

0.003

Length of ICU stay, median (IQR) survival patient (n = 219)

8 (5–13)

10 (6–17.7)

0.02

Length of hospital stay median, (IQR) (n = 302

24 (15–38)

22 (12–40)

0.52