Table 5 Determinants associated with one-year mortality among patients who survived to hospitalization using Cox cause-specific model

Gender (reference: male)

0.82

0.56–1.19

0.292

–

–

–

Admission SOFA Score (per 1 pt increment)

1.00

0.95–1.06

0.895

–

–

–

Admission SAPS2 Score (per 1 pt increment)

1.02

1.0–1.03

0.009

1.01

1.00–1.03

0.129

Primary ICU diagnosis (reference septic shock)

 Non-septic shock

2.82

1.05–7.58

0.040

4.60

1.12–18.79

0.034

 Resuscitated cardiac arrest

2.18

0.84–5.66

0.108

5.82

1.63–20.83

0.007

 Acute on chronic respiratory failure

1.90

0.85–4.23

0.116

3.85

1.09–13.60

0.037

 Acute respiratory failure

1.40

0.67–2.92

0.377

3.46

1.08–11.14

0.037

 Acute kidney injury/metabolic disorders

1.89

0.51–7.00

0.338

4.99

1.00–24.93

0.050

 Neurological disorder

2.84

1.24–6.49

0.013

6.70

2.01–22.33

0.002

 Post-surgery

1.82

0.68–4.88

0.236

5.80

1.39–24.25

0.016

 Other

1.38

0.55–3.48

0.493

4.97

1.40–17.69

0.013

Invasive mechanical ventilation

1.23

0.79–1.92

0.351

–

–

–

Length of mechanical ≥ 3 days (reference < 3 days)

1.62

1.06–2.47

0.025

1.86

1.06–3.26

0.031

Length of RRT (reference no RRT)

  < 3 days

0.46

0.11–1.86

0.275

0.77

0.17–3.52

0.739

  ≥ 3 days

2.40

1.25–4.61

0.008

2.34

0.77–7.13

0.135

Length of vasopressor requirement (reference no vasopressor)

  < 3 days

0.89

0.56–1.43

0.640

–

–

–

  ≥ 3 days

1.26

0.78–2.03

0.352

–

–

–

CIRS for geriatrics (per 1 pt increment)

1.03

0.99–1.08

0.146

1.01

0.95–1.07

0.747

 CIRS for geriatrics < 8

1.20

0.82–1.77

0.344

–

–

–

Residential living (reference chronic care facility)

 Supervised residence setting

0.20

0.02–1.58

0.126

0.09

0.01–0.86

0.036

 At home

0.16

0.02–1.15

0.068

0.10

0.01–0.88

0.038

IADL (per 1 pt increment)

0.77

0.66–0.90

0.001

–

–

–

 IADL ≥ 4

0.52

0.34–0.79

0.002

0.75

0.41–1.36

0.339

Katz-ADL (per 1 pt increment)

0.78

0.69–0.89

 < 0.001

–

–

–

 Katz-ADL ≥ 5

0.41

0.28–0.61

 < 0.001

0.53

0.30–0.96

0.038

History of fall (reference: no)

 Yes

1.02

0.69–1.5

0.924

–

–

–

 Unknown

2.19

0.30–15.83

0.438

–

–

–

Cognitive impairment

1.14

0.76–1.72

0.526

–

–

–

Perceived quality of life (unhappy, very unhappy)

1.59

1.03–2.45

0.036

1.11

0.62–1.98

0.723

Chronic pain (reference: no)

 Mild

0.89

0.50–1.59

0.699

–

–

–

 Moderate

1.34

0.82–2.18

0.236

–

–

–

 Severe

1.10

0.63–1.92

0.733

–

–

–

Presence of anxiety

1.17

0.79–1.75

0.431

–

–

–

Presence of depressive symptoms

1.32

0.89–1.96

0.164

0.90

0.52–1.55

0.698

Mini-Zarit (per 1 pt increment)

1.24

1.09–1.41

0.001

–

–

–

  < 2

1.71

1.14–2.58

0.010

1.13

0.64–1.99

0.664

Frailty (reference: robust)

 Prefrail

1.28

0.74–2.22

0.377

0.96

0.50–1.85

0.903

 Frail

2.41

1.42–4.06

0.001

1.51

0.75–3.05

0.244