Parameters | ΔVTI | ΔPP | ΔSBP | ΔDBP |
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AUROC | 0.93 (0.81–0.98) | 0.69 (0.48–0.82) | 0.76 (0.56–0.87) | 0.73 (0.52–0.85) |
Youden index | 0.70 | 0.37 | 0.49 | 0.39 |
Best threshold | 10% | 10% | 13% | 6% |
Gray zone | 6–12% | 2–23% | 6–14% | 2–13% |
Values in gray zone | 32% | 62% | 51% | 62% |
Sensitivity | 82 (60–95) | 73 (50–89) | 55 (32–76) | 68 (45–86) |
Specificity | 88 (64–99) | 65 (38–86) | 94 (71–100) | 71 (44–90) |
PPV | 90 (68–99) | 73 (50–89) | 92 (64–100) | 75 (51–91) |
NPV | 79 (54–94) | 65 (38–86) | 62 (41–80) | 63 (38–84) |
- Values are median true value (95% confidence interval). Best threshold value was determined using the Youden index
- The AUROC of ΔVTI was higher than ΔPP (p = 0.004), ΔSBP (p = 0.025) and ΔDBP (p = 0.018). There were no statistical differences among AUROCs of ΔPP, ΔSBP and ΔDBP (ΔPP vs. ΔSBP, p = 0.285; ΔPP vs. ΔDBP, p = 0.760; ΔSBP vs. ΔDBP, p = 0.645)
- AUROC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, PP pulse pressure, VTI velocity–time integral, Δ value indicate percent change of each variable