Table 2 Operative performance of predictors of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients at Vt ≤ 8 ml/kg without arrhythmia and respiratory effort
Study | year | Predictor of fluid responsiveness | tp | n1 | tn | n2 | nt | Sensibility | Specificity | AUC | Threshold (%) | Method used to measure the variable studied | Haemodynamic end point | Fluid responsiveness rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
De Backer et al. [4] | 2005 | PPV | 12 | 18 | 10 | 15 | 33 | 0.67 (0.41–0.87) | 0.67 (0.38–0.88) | 0.71 ± 0.09 | 8 | Analysis of arterial tracing | CI ≥ 15% | 0.55 |
Auler et al. [26] | 2008 | PPV | 38 | 39 | 19 | 20 | 59 | 0.97 (0.87–1.00) | 0.95 (1.00) | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 12 | Analysis of arterial tracing | CI ≥ 15% | 0.66 |
Huang et al. [27] | 2008 | PPV | 7 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 22 | 0.70 (0.35–0.93) | 1.00 (0.74–1.00) | 0.76 | 11.8 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 0.45 |
Vistisen et al. [28] | 2009 | PPV | 16 | 17 | 5 | 6 | 23 | 0.94 (0.71–1.00) | 0.83 (0.36–1.00) | NR | 6.5 | Analysis of arterial tracing | CI ≥ 15% | 0.73 |
Vallee et al. [29] | 2009 | PPV | 5 | 16 | 19 | 26 | 42 | 0.31 (0.11–0.59) | 0.73 (0.52–0.88) | 0.62 (0.45–0.80) | 15 | Analysis of arterial tracing | CI ≥ 15% | 0.38 |
Muller et al. [8] | 2010 | PPV | 25 | 41 | 15 | 16 | 57 | 0.61 (0.45–0.76) | 0.94 (0.70–1.00) | 0.77 (0.65–0.90) | 7 | Analysis of arterial tracing | CI or ISV ≥ 15% | 0.72 |
Lakhal et al. [31] | 2011 | PPV | 19 | 26 | 33 | 39 | 65 | 0.73 (0.52–0.88) | 0.85 (0.69–0.94) | 0.75 (0.62–0.85) | 5 | Analysis of arterial tracing | CO ≥ 10% | 0.4 |
Monnet et al. [7] | 2012 | PPV | 15 | 15 | 4 | 13 | 28 | 1.00 (0.78–1.00) | 0.31 (0.09–0.61) | 0.69 (± 0.10) | 4 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 0.53 |
Cecconi et al. [33] | 2012 | PPV | 17 | 20 | 8 | 11 | 31 | 0.85 (0.62–0.97) | 0.73 (0.39–0.94) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 13 | Contour pulse wave analysis (LiDCO system) | SV ≥ 15% | 0.39 |
Yazigi et al. [34] | 2012 | PPV | 33 | 41 | 14 | 19 | 60 | 0.80 (0.65–0.91) | 0.74 (0.49–0.91) | 0.85 (0.75–0.94) | 11.5 | Analysis of arterial tracing | ISV ≥ 15% | 0.68 |
Oliveira-Costa et al. [35] | 2012 | PPV | 9 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 37 | 0.53 (0.28–0.77) | 0.95 (0.75–1.00) | 0.74 (0.56–0.90) | 10 | Analysis of arterial tracing | CI ≥ 15% | 0.45 |
Drvar et al. [36] | 2013 | PPV | 26 | 26 | 20 | 20 | 46 | 1.00 (0.87–1.00) | 1.00 (0.83–1.00) | 1.00 (0.92–1.00) | 12 | Contour pulse wave analysis (LiDCO system) | ISV ≥ 15% | 0.57 |
Freitas et al. [37] | 2013 | PPV | 17 | 19 | 10 | 11 | 40 | 0.89 (0.67–0.99) | 0.91 (0.59–1.00) | 0.91 (0.82–1.00) | 6.5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (computer software) | CO ≥ 15% | 0.47 |
Trepte et al. [38] | 2013 | PPV | 25 | 41 | 25 | 31 | 72 | 0.61 (0.45–0.76) | 0.81 (0.63–0.93) | 0.70 (0.21–0.85) | 10.1 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 10% | 0.57 |
Guarracino et al. [39] | 2014 | PPV | 29 | 30 | 11 | 20 | 50 | 0.97 (0.83–1.00) | 0.55 (0.32–0.77) | 0.85 (0.72–0.93) | 12.5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (computer software) | CI ≥ 15% | 0.6 |
Ibarra-Estrada et al. [41] | 2015 | PPV | 15 | 30 | 15 | 19 | 59 | 0.50 (0.31–0.69) | 0.79 (0.54–0.94) | 0.63 (0.49–0.75) | 14 | Analysis of arterial tracing | ISV ≥ 15% | 0.51 |
Vistisen et al. [44] | 2016 | PPV | 11 | 17 | 18 | 24 | 41 | 0.65 (0.38–0.86) | 0.75 (0.53–0.90) | 0.57 (0.39–0.75) | 12 | Analysis of arterial tracing | SV ≥ 15% | 0.41 |
Liu et al. [45] | 2016 | PPV | 35 | 52 | 37 | 44 | 96 | 0.67 (0.53–0.80) | 0.84 (0.70–0.93) | 0.78 (0.69–0.86) | 10 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CO ≥ 15% | 0.54 |
Cherpanath el al [46] | 2016 | PPV | 18 | 19 | 3 | 3 | 22 | 0.95 (0.74–1.00) | 1.00 (0.29–1.00) | 0.98 (0.82–1.00) | 8 | Contour pulse wave analysis (computer software) | CO ≥ 15% | 0.86 |
Oliveira et al. [47] | 2016 | PPV | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 0.89 (0.52–1.00) | 1.00 (0.72–1.00) | 0.92 | 12.4 | Contour pulse wave analysis (computer software) | VTI ≥ 15% | 0.45 |
Myatra et al. [49] | 2017 | PPV | 12 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 30 | 0.75 (0.48–0.93) | 1.00 (0.77–1.00) | 0.91 (0.81–1.00) | 11.5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 0.53 |
Yonis et al. [50] | 2017 | PPV | 3 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 19 | 0.33 (0.07–0.70) | 0.80 (0.44–0.97) | 0.49 (0.21–0.77) | 10 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 47.36 |
Yonis et al. [50] | 2017 | PPV | 7 | 9 | 4 | 10 | 19 | 0.78–0.97) | 0.40 (0.12–0.74) | 0.52 (0.24–0.80) | 10 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 47.36 |
Cecconi et al. [33] | 2012 | SVV | 15 | 20 | 9 | 11 | 31 | 0.75 (0.51–0.91) | 0.82 (0.48–0.98) | 0.84 (0.71–0.96) | 12.5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (LiDCO system) | SV ≥ 15% | 39.00 |
Trepte et al. [38] | 2013 | SVV | 26 | 41 | 23 | 31 | 72 | 0.63 (0.47–0.78) | 0.74 (0.55–0.88) | 0.72 (0.21–0.85) | 9.9 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 10% | 57.00 |
Drvar et al. [36] | 2013 | SVV | 25 | 26 | 20 | 20 | 46 | 0.96 (0.80–1.00) | 1.00 (0.83–1.00) | 0.96 (0.85–0.99) | 10 | Contour pulse wave analysis (LiDCO system) | ISV ≥ 15% | 57.00 |
Kang et al. [40] | 2014 | SVV | 24 | 27 | 24 | 27 | 54 | 0.89 (0.71–0.98) | 0.89 (0.71–0.98) | 0.90 (0.80–0.99) | 13.5 | Bioreactance (NICOM system) | CO ≥ 7% | 50.00 |
Kang et al. [40] | 2014 | SVV | 25 | 27 | 23 | 27 | 54 | 0.93 (0.76–0.99) | 0.85 (0.66–0.96) | 0.93 (0.83–1.00) | 13.5 | Bioreactance (NICOM system) | CO ≥ 7% | 50.00 |
Kang et al. [40] | 2014 | SVV | 25 | 27 | 25 | 27 | 54 | 0.93 (0.76–0.99) | 0.93 (0.76–0.99) | 0.94 (0.86–1.00) | 13.5 | Bioreactance (NICOM system) | CO ≥ 7% | 50.00 |
Ibarra-Estrada et al. [41] | 2015 | SVV | 23 | 30 | 13 | 19 | 59 | 0.77 (0.58–0.90) | 0.68 (0.43–0.87) | 0.72 (0.59–0.83) | 16 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | ISV ≥ 15% | 51.00 |
Angappan et al. [42] | 2015 | SVV | 23 | 29 | 14 | 16 | 45 | 0.79 (0.60–0.92) | 0.88 (0.62–0.98) | 0.71 (0.56–0.84) | 13 | Contour pulse wave analysis (Vigileo) | CI ≥ 15% | 64.00 |
Cherpanath et al. [46] | 2016 | SVV | 17 | 19 | 3 | 3 | 22 | 0.89 (0.67–0.99) | 1.00 (0.29–1.00) | 0.95 (0.76–0.99) | 9 | Contour pulse wave analysis (computer software) | CO ≥ 15% | 86.00 |
Myatra et al. [49] | 2017 | SVV | 12 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 30 | 0.75 (0.48–0.93) | 0.93 (0.66–1.00) | 0.92 (0.82–1.00) | 10.5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 53.00 |
Guo-Guang Ma et al. [52] | 2018 | SVV | 32 | 35 | 33 | 35 | 70 | 0.91 (0.77–0.98) | 0.94 (0.81–0.99) | 0.97 (0.89–0.99) | 12 | Contour pulse wave analysis (Vigileo) | SV ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Monnet et al. [7] | 2012 | PLR | 14 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 28 | 0.93 (0.68–1.00) | 1.00 (0.75–1.00) | 0.94 (± 0.05) | CI ≥ 10 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 53.00 |
Ibarra-Estrada et al. [41] | 2015 | PLR | 19 | 30 | 14 | 19 | 59 | 0.63 (0.44–0.80) | 0.74 (0.49–0.91) | 0.69 (0.56–0.80) | ISV ≥ 15 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | ISV ≥ 15% | 51.00 |
Sobczyk et al. [48] | 2016 | PLR | 19 | 24 | 9 | 11 | 35 | 0.79 (0.58–0.93) | 0.82 (0.48–0.98) | 0.80 | CO ≥ 15 | CO (echocardiogram) | CO ≥ 15% | 68.57 |
Guo-Guang Ma et al. [52] | 2018 | PLR | 35 | 35 | 29 | 35 | 70 | 1.00 (0.90–1.00) | 0.83 (0.66–0.93) | 0.91 (0.82–0.97) | SV ≥ 12.84 | Contour pulse wave analysis (Vigileo) | SV ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Monnet et al. [7] | 2012 | EEOT | 14 | 15 | 12 | 13 | 28 | 0.93 (0.68–1.00) | 0.92 (0.64–1.00) | 0.93 (± 0.05) | CI ≥ 5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 53.00 |
Myatra et al. [49] | 2017 | EEOT | 14 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 30 | 0.88 (0.62–0.98) | 0.93 (0.66–1.00) | 0.95 (0.88–1.00) | Ci ≥ 4.1 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 53.00 |
Jozwiak et al. [51] | 2017 | EEOT | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 30 | 0.93 (0.68–1.00) | 1.00 (0.78–1.00) | 0.98 (0.85–1.00) | CI ≥ 4 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Jozwiak et al. [51] | 2017 | EEOT | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 30 | 0.93 (0.68–1.00) | 1.00 (0.78–1.00) | 0.93 (0.78–0.99) | VTI ≥ 5 | VTI (echocardiogram) | CI ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Georges et al. [53] | 2018 | EEOT | 25 | 28 | 21 | 22 | 50 | 0.89 (0.72–0.98) | 0.95 (0.77–1.00) | 0.96 (± 0.03) | VTI ≥ 9 | VTI (echocardiogram) | CO ≥ 15% | 56.00 |
Georges et al. [53] | 2018 | EEOT | 18 | 28 | 17 | 22 | 50 | 0.64 (0.44–0.81) | 0.77 (0.55–0.92) | 0.70 (± 0.07) | VMax ≥ 8.5 | VMax (echocardiogram) | CO ≥ 15% | 56.00 |
Depret et al. [54] | 2019 | EEOT | 12 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 28 | 0.86 (0.57–0.98) | 0.93 (0.66–1.00) | 0.95 (0.79–0.99) | CI ≥ 3 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Depret et al. [54] | 2019 | EEOT | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 28 | 1.00 (0.77–1.00) | 1.00 (0.77–1.00) | 1.00 (0.88–1.00) | CI ≥ 4 | CI (esophageal Doppler) | CI ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Depret et al. [54] | 2019 | EEOT | 10 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 28 | 0.71 (0.42–0.92) | 0.86 (0.57–0.98) | 0.80 (0.61–0.93) | FTC ≥ 3 | FTC (esophageal Doppler) | CI ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Depret et al. [54] | 2019 | EEOT | 10 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 28 | 0.71 (0.42–0.92) | 0.86 (0.57–0.98) | 0.75 (0.55–0.89) | VMax ≥ 2 | VMax (esophageal Doppler) | CI ≥ 15% | 50.00 |
Muller et al. [32] | 2011 | Mini-fluid challenge | 20 | 21 | 14 | 18 | 39 | 0.95 (0.76–1.00) | 0.78 (0.52–0.94) | 0.92 (0.78–0.98) | VTI ≥ 3 | VTI (echocardiogram) | VTI ≥ 15% | 54.00 |
Mallat et al. [43] | 2015 | Mini-fluid challenge | 19 | 22 | 24 | 27 | 49 | 0.86 (0.65–0.97) | 0.89 (0.71–0.98) | 0.91 (0.81–0.98) | Changes in SVV of -2 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 45.00 |
Mallat et al. [43] | 2015 | Mini-fluid challenge | 19 | 22 | 23 | 27 | 49 | 0.86 (0.65–0.97) | 0.85 (0.66–0.96) | 0.92 (0.81–0.98) | Changes in PPV of -3 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 45.00 |
Mallat et al. [43] | 2015 | Mini-fluid challenge | 17 | 22 | 20 | 27 | 49 | 0.77 (0.55–0.92) | 0.74 (0.54–0.89) | 0.78 (0.64–0.88) | CI ≥ 5.2 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 45.00 |
Fot et al. [55] | 2019 | Mini-fluid challenge | 12 | 14 | 12 | 18 | 32 | 0.86 (0.57–0.98) | 0.67 (0.41–0.87) | 0.77 | Changes in PPV of -2 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 43.00 |
Fot el al [55] | 2019 | Mini-fluid challenge | 11 | 14 | 12 | 18 | 32 | 0.79 (0.49–0.95) | 0.67 (0.41–0.87) | 0.75 | Changes in SVV of -2 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 43.00 |
Myatra et al. [49] | 2017 | Tidal volume challenge | 15 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 30 | 0.94 (0.70–1.00) | 1.00 (0.77–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | Changes in PPV of 3.5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 53.00 |
Myatra et al. [49] | 2017 | Tidal volume challenge | 14 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 30 | 0.88 (0.62–0.98) | 1.00 (0.77–1.00) | 0.97 (0.92–1.00) | Changes in SVV of 2.5 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 53.00 |
Yonis et al. [50] | 2017 | Tidal volume challenge | 9 | 9 | 4 | 10 | 19 | 1.00 (0.66–1.00) | 0.40 (0.12–0.74) | 0.59 (0.31–0.88) | Changes in PPV of 29 | Contour pulse wave analysis (PiCCO system) | CI ≥ 15% | 47.36 |
Moretti et al. [30] | 2010 | ΔIVC | 12 | 17 | 12 | 12 | 29 | 0.71 (0.44–0.90) | 1.00 (0.74–1.00) | 0.90 | 16 | Ultrasonography | CI ≥ 15% | 58.00 |
De Oliveira et al. [47] | 2016 | ΔIVC | 6 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 0.67 (0.30–0.93) | 1.00 (0.72–1.00) | 0.84 (± 0.10) | 16 | Ultrasonography | VTI ≥ 15% | 45.00 |
Sobczyk et al. [48] | 2016 | ΔIVC | 20 | 24 | 8 | 11 | 35 | 0.83 (0.63–0.95) | 0.73 (0.39–0.94) | 0.73 | 18 | Ultrasonography | CO ≥ 15% | 68.57 |
Guo-Guang et al. [52] | 2018 | ΔIVC | 30 | 35 | 30 | 35 | 70 | 0.86 (0.70–0.95) | 0.86 (0.70–0.95) | 0.83 (0.72–0.91) | 13.39 | Ultrasonography | SV ≥ 15% | 50.00 |