Predictors of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients mechanically ventilated at low tidal volumes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Subgroups and meta-regression analysis

Subgroup	Predictor of intravenous fluid	Number of studies	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value by meta-regression	P value by subgroup analysis	I² (%)	Q (value p)
Method to measure cardiac output
TD	PPV	6	22.64 (7.86–65.25)	0.001	0.02	43.86	28.50. p = 0.03
TD and TDTP		2	17.58 (3.60–85.83)	0.79
TPTD		8	4.96 (2.20–11.17)	0.03
C-PCA		1	2173 (30.73–153,655.35)	0.04
TTE		1	130.33 (3.32–5114.78)	0.37
C-TD		2	11.57 (1.99–67.14)	0.52
Others		3	28.38 (6.67–141.94)	0.82
Others	SVV	2	18.45 (3.73–91.24)	0.12	< 0.01	0.0	5.57. p = 0.47
TPTD		3	7.02 (3.29–14.97)	< 0.01
C-PCA		1	697.00 (26.95–18,029)	0.23
TD		3	84.61 (29.50–242.72)	< 0.01
NC -PCA		2	64.49 (18.18–228.71)	0.75
Compliance	PPV	13	DOR = 1.08 (IC 95% 1.00–1.16)	0.05	NA	47.90	21.11. p = 0.03
Threshold used
> 7%	SVV	3	86.54 (21.58–347.11)	0.02	0.05	39.17	13.15. p = 0.11
> 10%		1	4.98 (0.77–32.15)	0.09
> 15%		7	33.10 (12.50–87-67)	0.08
Critical care setting
Sepsis	SVV	4	21.23 (7.66–58.81)	< 0.01	< 0.01	15.33	9.45. p = 0.31
Postsurgical		2	6.70 (2.25–19.98)	0.13
Cardiovascular		5	95.67 (36.77–250.54)	0.03
Volume of fluid load
250 ml	SVV	4	54.10 (18.76–156.00)	< 0.01	0.01	21.79	8.95. p = 0.26
300 ml		1	4.98 (1.14–21.82)	0.01
500 ml		4	86.73 (24.66–305.11)	0.57
7 ml/kg		2	11.82 (2.92–47.80)	0.09
250 ml	PLR	1	17.10 (2.77–105.70)	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.0	0.01. p = 0.93
500 ml		2	293.64 (33.14–2601.57)	0.05
7 ml/kg		1	4.84 (1.37–17.09)	0.26

C-PCA; calibrated pulse contour analysis; C-TD, continuous thermodilution; NC-PCA, non-calibrated pulse contour analysis; I², inconsistency; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; PPV, pulse pressure variation; PLR, passive leg raising; Q, Cochrane statistics; TD; thermodilution; TPTD, transpulmonary thermodilution; TTE; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography: SVV, stroke volume variability. Values are expressed as pooled data (95% confidence interval)