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Fig. 1 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 1

From: Non-invasive method to detect high respiratory effort and transpulmonary driving pressures in COVID-19 patients during mechanical ventilation

Fig. 1

Flow and pressure tracings showing an expiratory occlusion maneuver. From top to bottom: flow (in mL/s), airway pressure (Paw), esophageal pressure (Pes), transpulmonary pressure (PL) (Paw – Pes), chest wall elastic recoil pressure (Pcw) (tidal volume × estimated chest wall elastance) and respiratory muscle pressure (Pmus) (Pcw – Pes) (pressures in cmH2O). During an expiratory occlusion maneuver the patient inhales against a closed valve, resulting in a decrease in airway pressure. The maximal deflection in Paw from positive end-expiratory pressure is defined as occlusion pressure (∆Pocc). From this ∆PL and Pmus were computed and compared with true dynamic lung stress (increase in PL from onset to peak during inspiration) and true respiratory effort (peak Pmus during inspiration)

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