Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients on FF-CPAP
All patients (n = 85) | FF-CPAP alone (n = 31) | FF-CPAP followed by intubation (n = 54) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | ||||
Age, year | 60 (50–68) | 59 (46–64) | 60 (53–70) | 0.10 |
Female sex, n (%) | 14 (16.5) | 5 (16.1) | 9 (16.7) | > 0.99 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.5 (24.5–31.1) | 28.6 (24.7–30.7) | 28.5 (24.4–31.9) | 0.84 |
Medical history | ||||
Current smoking, n (%) | 5 (5.9) | 2 (6.5) | 3 (5.6) | > 0.99 |
Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 8 (9.4) | 2 (6.5) | 6 (11.1) | 0.71 |
Chronic cardiac disease, n (%) | 8 (9.5) | 4 (13.3) | 4 (7.4) | 0.45 |
Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 9 (10.6) | 3 (9.7) | 6 (11.1) | > 0.99 |
Cancer, n (%) | 9 (10.7) | 2 (6.7) | 7(13.0) | 0.48 |
Treatment prior to hospital admission | ||||
ACEI, n (%) | 19 (22.4) | 6 (19.4) | 13 (24.1) | 0.79 |
ARB, n (%) | 14 (16.5) | 3 (9.7) | 11 (20.4) | 0.24 |
Corticosteroids, n (%) | 8 (9.4) | 3 (9.7) | 5 (9.3) | > 0.99 |
NSAI, n (%) | 3 (3.5) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (3.7) | > 0.99 |
Symptoms potentially related to COVID-19 | ||||
Fever, n (%) | 72 (84.7) | 28 (90.3) | 44 (81.5) | 0.36 |
Cough, n (%) | 64 (75.3) | 24 (77.4) | 40 (74.1) | 0.80 |
Dyspnea, n (%) | 67 (78.8) | 27 (87.1) | 40 (74.1) | 0.18 |
Malaise, n (%) | 5 (6.0) | 2 (6.5) | 3 (5.7) | > 0.99 |
Rhinorrhea, n (%) | 5 (5.9) | 1 (3.2) | 4 (7.4) | 0.65 |
Headache, n (%) | 12 (14.1) | 7 (22.6) | 5 (9.3) | 0.11 |
Diarrhea, n (%) | 29 (34.1) | 14 (45.2) | 15 (27.8) | 0.15 |
Vomiting, n (%) | 10 (11.8) | 6 (19.4) | 4 (7.4) | 0.16 |
Myalgia, n (%) | 34 (40) | 14 (45.2) | 20 (37) | 0.50 |
Chest pain, n (%) | 4 (4.7) | 1 (3.2) | 3 (5.6) | > 0.99 |
Vital signs prior to FF-CPAP initiation | ||||
Oxygen flow rate, L/min | 15 (9–15) | 12 (9–15) | 15 (9–15) | 0.11 |
Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 34 (28–40) | 30 (25–35) | 35 (30–40) | 0.009 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 89 (79–100) | 82 (75–95) | 91 (85–100) | 0.028 |
Mean blood pressure, mmHg | 98 (89–106) | 101 (93–104) | 97 (88–107) | 0.55 |
Arterial blood gases prior to FF-CPAP initiation | ||||
pH | 7.45 (7.42–7.47) | 7.45 (7.42–7.48) | 7.45 (7.42–7.47) | 0.30 |
Bicarbonates, mmol/L | 24.5 (22.3–26.3) | 23.3 (21.9–26.1) | 24.7 (23.6–26.8) | 0.17 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.37 |
PaO2, mmHg | 73 (61–91) | 71 (59–94) | 74 (61–89) | > 0.99 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 35 (31–38) | 33 (30–38) | 36 (33–39) | 0.15 |
PaO2/FiO2a, mmHg | 160 (115–258) | 148 (111–248) | 163 (115–277) | 0.55 |
ROX indexb | 4.86 (3.67–6.37) | 5.61 (4.54–7.21) | 4.44 (3.55–5.70) | 0.013 |
Percentage of involved parenchyma on CT-scan before FF-CPAP initiation (n = 65) | ||||
≤ 50%, n (%) | 27 (41.8) | 9 (37.5) | 18 (43.9) | 0.79 |
> 50%, n (%) | 38 (58.5) | 15 (62.5) | 23 (56.1) | 0.79 |