Table 3 Invasive, mini-invasive, and non-invasive cardiac output monitoring technologies
From: Perioperative hemodynamic optimization: from guidelines to implementation—an experts’ opinion paper
Device | Technology | Properties | Calibration |
|---|---|---|---|
Cardio-Q (Gamida) | Esophageal Doppler | Mini-invasive, continuous, operator-dependent | No |
NICO (Novametrix) | Fick principle applied to CO2 | Non-invasive, discontinuous, operator-independent | No |
PiCCO (Getinge) Volume View (Edwards) | Transpulmonary thermodilution | Invasive, discontinuous, operator-independent | Yes |
Niccomo (Imedex) Physioflow (Manatec) ECOM (ConMed) | Bioimpedance | Non-invasive, continuous, operator-independent | No |
NICOM (Baxter) | Bioreactance | Non-invasive, continuous, operator-independent | No |
Vigileo/Flotrac (Edwards) Pulsioflex/ProAQT (Getinge) MostCare (Vygon) LIDCOrapid (LIDCO Ltd) | Pulse contour analysis | Mini-invasive, continuous, operator-independent | Optional |
ClearSight (Edwards) NICCI (Getinge) | Digital photoplethysmography | Non-invasive, continuous, operator-independent | No |
esCCO (Nihon Kohden) | Pulse wave transit time | Non-invasive, continuous, operator-independent | Optional |