Effects of remote ischemic conditioning on microcirculatory alterations in patients with sepsis: a single-arm clinical trial

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the RIC and historical control groups

Variable	RIC group (n = 26)	Historical control group (n = 21)	p
Age, years	65 (57–81)	64 (53–77)	0.692
Men, n (%)	20 (77)	15 (71)	0.671
APACHE II	20 (13–23)	19 (14–23)	0.932
SOFA	10 (9–12)	9 (8–12)	0.104
Time after admission, h	17 (12–23)	12 (6–20)	0.159
Mortality, n (%)	12 (46.2)	12 (57.1)	0.459
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg	70 (62–78)	75 (65–86)	0.202
Heart rate, beats/min	109 (84–121)	108 (97–125)	0.638
Central venous pressure, mmHg	10 (7–13)	12 (10–14)	0.165
Cardiac index, n, L/min m²	15, 3.7 (2.8–4.3)	9, 3.0 (2.5–4.2)	0.503
Norepinephrine dose, n; µg/kg/min	26; 0.24 (0.12–0.32)	21; 0.20 (0.12–0.28)	0.377
Arterial lactate, mmol/L	1.5 (1.2–3.0)	1.7 (1.4–3.0)	0.446
PaO₂, mmHg	102 (85–144)	86 (72–140)	0.441
Hemoglobin, g/L	102 (92–127)	110 (88–128)	0.500
CRP, mg/L	262 (151–341)	221 (133–395)	0.661

Data are presented as the median (interquartile range [IQR])
APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, PaO₂ partial pressure of oxygen, CRP C-reactive protein