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Table 3 Competing-risk regression analysis for liberation from mechanical ventilation with death as the competing event

From: Sustained oxygenation improvement after first prone positioning is associated with liberation from mechanical ventilation and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a cohort study

Variable (reference level)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

SHR

95% CI

P

SHR

95% CI

P

Age

0.964

0.943–0.986

0.002

0.971

0.946–0.996

0.025

Sex (male)

0.679

0.305–1.511

0.342

  

–

BMI

1.011

0.959–1.065

0.689

  

–

SOFA score at admission

0.865

0.770–0.970

0.013

  

–

SAPS II score

0.970

0.937–1.004

0.076

  

–

Hypertension (yes)

0.700

0.507–0.967

0.031

  

–

Chronic ischemic heart disease (yes)

0.468

0.146–1.494

0.200

  

–

COPD (oxygen therapy/CPAP) (yes)

0.845

0.208–3.431

0.814

  

–

Chronic kidney disease (yes)

1.216

0.281–5.266

0.793

  

–

Diabetes (yes)

0.768

0.451–1.310

0.333

  

–

Chronic liver disease (MELD > 10)

1.054

0.295–3.765

0.936

  

–

Need for renal replacement therapy (yes)

0.208

0.093–0.466

0.001

0.244

0.113–0.526

 < 0.001

Late onset VAP (yes)

0.290

0.174–0.483

 < 0.001

0.280

0.174–0.450

 < 0.001

CRS < 40 ml/cmH2O in the first 5 days

1.021

0.990–1.053

0.195

  

–

Steroid use (yes)

1.860

0.852–4.060

0.119

  

–

PaO2/FiO2 variation after pronationb

1.370

1.187–1.582

 < 0.001

1.563

1.329–1.838

 < 0.001

Cardiovascular complications (yes)

0.180

0.0752–0.433

 < 0.001

0.194

0.088–0.427

 < 0.001

Neurologic complications (yes)

0.376

0.165–0.856

0.020

0.296

0.110–0.798

0.016

Digestive complications (yes)

0.267

0.046–1.583

0.146

  

–

Extra-pulmonary infections (yes)

0.698

0.486–1.000

0.050

  

–

DP before prone positioning

0.971

0.890–1.058

0.500

  

–

ARDS PaO2/FiO2 class (severe)a

1.775

1.143–2.755

0.011

1.738

1.116–2.705

0.014

Infection during ICU stay (yes)

0.698

0.486–1.000

0.050

  

–

  1. Significant P values are highlighted in bold
  2. SHR subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR 1 no association between the covariate and the corresponding cumulative incidence function, SHR > 1 an increase of the covariate value is associated with an increased risk of liberation from mechanical ventilation, SHR < 1 implies the opposite), DP driving pressure, VAP ventilator associated pneumonia, CRS compliance of the respiratory system, BMI Body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, ICU intensive care unit
  3. aPer class points increase, class 1 = severe ARDS, class 2 = moderate ARDS. Reference level in branches for each covariate
  4. bPer quartile variation, 1st quartile (< 19%), 2nd quartile (19–49%), 3rd quartile (49–100%), 4th quartile (> 100%)