All patients n=1199 | Day-90 status | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Alive n=650 | Death n=549 | |||
Age, years | 74 (72–78) | 73 (71–77) | 75 (72–79) | < 0.001 |
70–74 | 639 (53) | 392 (60) | 247 (45) | |
75–79 | 367 (31) | 194 (30) | 173 (32) | |
> 80 | 193 (16) | 64 (9) | 129 (24) | |
Body mass index, kg m–2 | 27 (25–31) | 27 (25–31) | 27 (25–30) | 0.452 |
Female gender | 326 (27) | 177 (27) | 149 (27) | 0.989 |
Living place | 0.007 | |||
Home residency | 1136 (95) | 624 (96) | 512 (94) | |
Rehabilitation | 14 (1) | 5 (1) | 9 (2) | |
Retirement home | 20 (2) | 4 (1) | 16 (3) | |
Other | 29 (2) | 17 (2) | 12 (2) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 742 (62) | 399 (62) | 343 (63) | 0.728 |
Diabetes | 355 (30) | 160 (25) | 195 (36) | < 0.001 |
Active smokers | 46 (4) | 21 (3) | 25 (5) | 0.201 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 297 (25) | 156 (24) | 141 (26) | 0.472 |
Chronic cardiac disease | 87 (8) | 34 (5) | 53 (10) | 0.003 |
Chronic renal insufficiency | 108 (9) | 44 (7) | 64 (12) | 0.003 |
Immunosuppression | 99 (8) | 45 (7) | 54 (10) | 0.062 |
Clinical Frailty Scale | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | < 0.001 |
1–3 | 826 (76) | 498 (85) | 328 (66) | |
4 | 160 (15) | 62 (11) | 98 (20) | |
5–9 | 99 (9) | 29 (5) | 70 (14) | |
ICU admission | ||||
Time between hospital and ICU admission, days | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0.066 |
Time between first signs and ICU admission, days | 8 (6–12) | 10 (6–13) | 7 (5–10) | < 0.001 |
SAPS II | 43 (35–54) | 41 (33–51) | 47 (38–57) | < 0.001 |
SOFA score | 5 (3–8) | 4 (3–8) | 6 (4–9) | < 0.001 |
Renal component | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular component | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 3 (0–4) | < 0.001 |
During the first 24 hours in the ICU | ||||
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 154 (105–222) | 167 (115–224) | 139 (94–212) | 0.004 |
Standard oxygen | 339 (29) | 210 (33) | 129 (24) | < 0.001 |
Flow, L/min | 9 (6–15) | 7 (5–15) | 12 (7–15) | < 0.001 |
High-flow oxygen therapy | 249 (21) | 150 (24) | 99 (18) | 0.025 |
Flow, L/min | 50 (40–60) | 50 (40–60) | 50 (40–50) | 0.295 |
FiO2, % | 75 (60–94) | 70 (60–85) | 90 (70–100) | < 0.001 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 740 (62) | 350 (54) | 390 (71) | < 0.001 |
Prone positioning | 146 (20) | 61 (18) | 85 (22) | 0.172 |
Continuous neuromuscular blockades | 517 (43) | 251 (39) | 266 (48) | 0.383 |
During the first 14 days in the ICU | ||||
High-flow oxygen therapy | 331 (28) | 208 (32) | 123 (23) | 0.002 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 936 (78) | 461 (71) | 475 (87) | < 0.001 |
Prone positioning | 613 (51) | 274 (42) | 339 (62) | 0.001 |
Continuous neuromuscular blockades | 803 (67) | 390 (60) | 413 (75) | 0.165 |
Renal replacement therapy | 231 (19) | 84 (13) | 147 (26) | < 0.001 |
Corticosteroids | 409 (34) | 191 (30) | 218 (40) | < 0.001 |
Life sustaining treatment decision | 253 (21) | 30 (5) | 223 (41) | < 0.001 |