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Table 1 Demographic characteristics and management during the first 14 days of ICU according to their Day-90 survival status

From: Characteristics, management, and prognosis of elderly patients with COVID-19 admitted in the ICU during the first wave: insights from the COVID-ICU study

 

All patients

n=1199

Day-90 status

P value

Alive

n=650

Death

n=549

Age, years

74 (72–78)

73 (71–77)

75 (72–79)

< 0.001

 70–74

639 (53)

392 (60)

247 (45)

 

 75–79

367 (31)

194 (30)

173 (32)

 > 80

193 (16)

64 (9)

129 (24)

Body mass index, kg m–2

27 (25–31)

27 (25–31)

27 (25–30)

0.452

Female gender

326 (27)

177 (27)

149 (27)

0.989

Living place

   

0.007

 Home residency

1136 (95)

624 (96)

512 (94)

 

 Rehabilitation

14 (1)

5 (1)

9 (2)

 

 Retirement home

20 (2)

4 (1)

16 (3)

 

 Other

29 (2)

17 (2)

12 (2)

 

Comorbidities

    

 Hypertension

742 (62)

399 (62)

343 (63)

0.728

 Diabetes

355 (30)

160 (25)

195 (36)

< 0.001

 Active smokers

46 (4)

21 (3)

25 (5)

0.201

 Chronic respiratory disease

297 (25)

156 (24)

141 (26)

0.472

 Chronic cardiac disease

87 (8)

34 (5)

53 (10)

0.003

 Chronic renal insufficiency

108 (9)

44 (7)

64 (12)

0.003

 Immunosuppression

99 (8)

45 (7)

54 (10)

0.062

Clinical Frailty Scale

3 (2–3)

3 (2–3)

3 (2–4)

< 0.001

 1–3

826 (76)

498 (85)

328 (66)

 

 4

160 (15)

62 (11)

98 (20)

 5–9

99 (9)

29 (5)

70 (14)

ICU admission

    

 Time between hospital and ICU admission, days

1 (0–3)

1 (0–3)

0 (0–2)

0.066

 Time between first signs and ICU admission, days

8 (6–12)

10 (6–13)

7 (5–10)

< 0.001

 SAPS II

43 (35–54)

41 (33–51)

47 (38–57)

< 0.001

 SOFA score

5 (3–8)

4 (3–8)

6 (4–9)

< 0.001

  Renal component

0 (0–1)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–1)

< 0.001

  Cardiovascular component

1 (0–4)

0 (0–3)

3 (0–4)

< 0.001

During the first 24 hours in the ICU

    

 PaO2/FiO2 ratio

154 (105–222)

167 (115–224)

139 (94–212)

0.004

 Standard oxygen

339 (29)

210 (33)

129 (24)

< 0.001

  Flow, L/min

9 (6–15)

7 (5–15)

12 (7–15)

< 0.001

 High-flow oxygen therapy

249 (21)

150 (24)

99 (18)

0.025

  Flow, L/min

50 (40–60)

50 (40–60)

50 (40–50)

0.295

  FiO2, %

75 (60–94)

70 (60–85)

90 (70–100)

< 0.001

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

740 (62)

350 (54)

390 (71)

< 0.001

 Prone positioning

146 (20)

61 (18)

85 (22)

0.172

 Continuous neuromuscular blockades

517 (43)

251 (39)

266 (48)

0.383

During the first 14 days in the ICU

    

 High-flow oxygen therapy

331 (28)

208 (32)

123 (23)

0.002

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

936 (78)

461 (71)

475 (87)

< 0.001

 Prone positioning

613 (51)

274 (42)

339 (62)

0.001

 Continuous neuromuscular blockades

803 (67)

390 (60)

413 (75)

0.165

 Renal replacement therapy

231 (19)

84 (13)

147 (26)

< 0.001

 Corticosteroids

409 (34)

191 (30)

218 (40)

< 0.001

 Life sustaining treatment decision

253 (21)

30 (5)

223 (41)

< 0.001

  1. Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or n (%)
  2. ICU intensive care unit, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment