Acute kidney injury prevalence, progression and long-term outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort study

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Key outcomes by final acute kidney injury status

	Overall	Non-AKI	AKI	P value
Outcome	(n = 313)	(n = 73)	(n = 240)
Kidney replacement therapy use in ICU	100 (32%)	1 (1%)	99 (41%)	< 0.001^a
90-day mortality^b	92 (29%)	10 (14%)	82 (34%)	< 0.001^c
Dialysis dependence at hospital discharge (in survivors)
No	214 (96%)	64 (100%)	150 (95%)
Yes	8 (4%)	0 (0%)	8 (5%)	0.109^a
Dialysis dependence at 90 days (in survivors)
No	188 (95%)	50 (94%)	138 (96%)
Yes	9 (5%)	3 (6%)	6 (4%)	0.704^a
(Missing)	24	10	14
Renal recovery at discharge^d	N/A	N/A	129/158 (81.6%)	-
Renal recovery at 90 days^e	N/A	N/A	130/143 (90.9%)	-

AKI, acute kidney injury; ICU, intensive care unit
^a P-value calculated from Fisher’s exact test
^b 88 patients died in ICU, 4 patients died outside of ICU (3 in hospital, 1 after hospital discharge)
^c P-value calculated from a Cox proportional hazards model using time-updated AKI diagnosis as covariate
^d Recovery at discharge is defined as having serum creatinine of < 1.5 times of baseline or being dialysis independent at discharge (within the population of survivors only)
^e Recovery at 90 days is defined as having serum creatinine of < 1.5 times of baseline or being dialysis independent at discharge (within the population of survivors only). Note there are 27 missing observations