Fig. 1From: Bioreactance reliably detects preload responsiveness by the end-expiratory occlusion test when averaging and refresh times are shortenedAveraging and refresh times of both the commercial (Starling-24.4—upper panel) and research (Starling-8.1—lower panel) bioreactance devices. CI: cardiac index; Starling-24.4: commercial version of the Starling device (averaging time 24 s, refresh time 4 s); Starling-8.1: research Starling device (averaging time 8 s, refresh time one second)Back to article page