High-flow nasal oxygen cannula vs. noninvasive mechanical ventilation to prevent reintubation in sepsis: a randomized controlled trial

Tongyoo, Surat; Tantibundit, Porntipa; Daorattanachai, Kiattichai; Viarasilpa, Tanuwong; Permpikul, Chairat; Udompanturak, Suthipol

doi:10.1186/s13613-021-00922-5

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients

From: High-flow nasal oxygen cannula vs. noninvasive mechanical ventilation to prevent reintubation in sepsis: a randomized controlled trial

Baseline characteristic	NIV (N = 110)	HFNC (N = 112)	P
Age, mean (SD), year	63.0 (17.5)	62.6 (1803)	0.85
Age > 65 years, No. (%)	58 (52.7)	60 (53.6)	0.90
Male gender, No. (%)	61 (55.5)	60 (53.6)	0.78
Comorbidities, No. (%)
Hypertension	77 (70.0)	67 (59.8)	0.15
Diabetes mellitus	53 (48.2)	43 (38.4)	0.18
Chronic kidney disease	42 (38.2)	30 (26.8)	0.10
Congestive heart failure	5 (4.5)	7 (6.3)	0.61
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	7 (6.4)	3 (2.7)	0.32
Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m²	24.1 (4.7)	23.6 (4.7)	0.47
Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m², No. (%)	15 (13.6)	12 (10.7)	0.65
Duration of intubation, median (IQR), day	5 (3–9)	5 (3–8)	0.51
Duration of intubation > 7 days, No. (%)	43 (39.1)	37 (33)	0.42
APACHE II score^a at extubation, median (IQR)	15 (11–16)	15 (11–18)	0.60
SOFA score^b at extubation, median (IQR)	4 (2–6)	3 (2–5)	0.35
Source of infection, No. (%)
Pneumonia	75 (68.2)	65 (58)	0.15
Intra-abdominal infection	11 (10.0)	14 (12.5)	0.56
Urinary tract infection	10 (9.1)	8 (7.1)	0.60
Soft tissue infection	4 (3.6)	8 (7.1)	0.37
Bacteraemia	8 (7.3)	15 (13.4)	0.20
Others	2 (1.8)	2 (1.8)	0.99
Causes of intubation, No. (%)
Shock-related respiratory failure	61 (55.5)	64 (57.1)	0.80
Hypoxic respiratory failure	45 (40.9)	39 (34.8)	0.43
Hypercapnic respiratory failure	4 (3.6)	9 (8.0)	0.25
Septic shock, No. (%)	88 (80)	85 (75.9)	0.57
Weaning method, No. (%)
Pressure support	86 (78.2)	76 (67.9)	0.11
T-piece	24 (21.8)	36 (32.1)	0.11
ABG prior to extubation, mean (SD)
pH	7.45 (0.06)	7.45 (0.05)	0.84
PaO₂, mmHg	138.4 (37.2)	139.5 (41.2)	0.83
PaCO₂, mmHg	35.3 (6.6)	34.2 (6.8)	0.23
PaO₂:FiO₂ ratio	348.4 (88.6)	350.8 (101.3)	0.86
Fluid accumulation*, median (IQR), litre	4.6 (1.1–7.6)	5.2 (1.1–8.8)	0.39

NIV: noninvasive ventilation; HFNC: high-flow nasal oxygen cannular; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; kg/m²: kilogram per square metre; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; g/dL: gram per decilitre; mg/dL: milligram per decilitre; cmH₂O: centimetre of water; mL/kg: millilitre per kilogram; ABG: arterial blood gas analysis; PaO₂: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PaCO₂: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; FiO₂: fraction of inspired oxygen; mmHg: millimetre of mercury
^aAPACHE II score, a severity-determining score, ranges from 0 to 71. The higher scores represent more severe disease
^bSOFA score ranges from 0 to 24. The higher scores represent more organ failure
High risk factors for reintubation
^*Fluid accumulation was calculated from overall fluid intake minus fluid output since patient’s admission until before extubation

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