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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Characteristics of ARF complicating a known Svv on ICU admission (n = 70)

From: Causes of acute respiratory failure in patients with small-vessel vasculitis admitted to intensive care units: a multicenter retrospective study

 

All patients n  = 70

Immune ARF n  = 14

Non-immune ARF n  = 56

p

Demographics

 Age, year

67

[57–76]

67.5

[57–77]

67.0

[57–76]

0.498

 Male gender, n (%)

47

(67)

8

(57)

39

(70)

0.373

 Cardiovascular diseasea, n (%)

45

(64)

7

(50)

38

(68)

0.212

 Diabetes

24

(34)

5

(36)

19

(34)

0.900

 Respiratory diseaseb, n (%)

27

(39)

3

(21)

24

(43)

0.156g

 Immunosuppressionc, n (%)

57

(81)

7

(50)

50

(89)

0.001

 Severe renal dysfunctiond, n (%)

28

(40)

3

(21)

25

(45)

0.138g

 Long-term dialysis, n (%)

17

(24)

1

(7)

16

(29)

0.162g

Small vessels vasculitis [Svv]

 Time from Svv diagnosis to ICU admission, months

48

[8–124]

21

[8–60]

56

[9.5–132]

0.077

 BVAS (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score)

2

[0–9]

17.5

[8–21]

0

[0–6]

< 0.00001

 Revised FFS (Five-factor score)

0

[0–1]

2

[1, 2]

0

[0–1]

< 0.0001

Clinical presentation

 Moderate-to-severe ARDS

17

(24)

5

(36)

12

(21)

0.304g

 Arterial hypertension

15

(21)

4

(29)

11

(20)

0.480g

 Shock

16

(23)

1

(7)

15

(27)

0.164g

 Neurological

16

(23)

1

(7)

15

(27)

0.164g

Time from respiratory symptoms to ICU admission, med days

2.5

[1–3]

3.5

[2–4]

2

[1–3]

0.0367

 < 3 days, n (%)

35

(50)

4

(29)

31

(55)

0.073g

 ≥ 3 days

35

(50)

10

(71)

25

(45)

Extra respiratory symptomse, n (%)

54

(77)

10

(71)

44

(79)

0.569

Specific extra respiratory symptomsf, n (%)

20

(29)

6

(43)

14

(25)

0.186

Laboratory features

 Hemoglobin, g/l

10.6

[9–12.3]

9.8

[7.8–11.5]

11

[9.3–12.4]

0.139

 Plasma creatinine level, µmol/l

197

[95–327]

178

[73–379]

197

[97–299]

0.572

 Hematuria [> 10^4/ml], n (%)h

17

(24)

7

(50)

10

(18)

0.057g

 Proteinuria g/l [> 0, 3], n (%)h

23

(33)

4

(29)

19

(34)

0.186g

 Presence of auto antibodiesh

25

(36)

11

(79)

14

(25)

0.001

Severity criteria at ICU admission

 SAPS II

45.5

[29–57]

35

[26–54]

46

[30–59]

0.319

 SOFA

5

[4–9]

4.5

[3–8]

6

[4–9]

0.181

 Organ support administered during the first 48 h, n (%)

64

(79)

22

(85)

42

(76)

0.395

  Mechanical ventilation

48

(69)

10

(71)

38

(68)

0.797

  Vasopressors

22

(31)

3

(21)

19

(34)

0.368

  Renal replacement therapy

25

(36)

6

(43)

19

(34)

0.533

  1. Continuous variables are reported as median [interquartile range (IQR) 25–75]. Categorical variables are reported as number (percentages)
  2. Svv small vessel vasculitis; BVAS Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score; FFS Five Factor Score; ANCA, SAPSII Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; GPA granulomatosis with polyangiitis; MPA microscopic polyarteritis; EGPA eosinophilic GPA; GBM anti GBM anti bodies disease; SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; GSC Glasgow coma scale
  3. aHeart failure or arterial hypertension or coronary disease
  4. bCOPD or asthma or interstitial lung disease
  5. cActive cancer, HIV or immunosuppressive treatment
  6. dGlomerular filtration rate  < 30 ml·min-1 over 1 month
  7. eFever or asthenia or weight loss
  8. fCutaneous (skin rash, purpura), rheumatic (arthralgia, arthritis, Raynaud’s syndrome, myalgia), neurological, gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding), ENT (dysphonia, nasal crusts), lymphadenopathy
  9. gFisher’s exact test
  10. hData missing, respectively, for 10, 21 and 13 patients (presence of hematuria, proteinuria and auto antibodies)
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