Table 1 Demographic, clinical and ventilatory support characteristics of the development and test datasets of the SOSIC scores on ICU day-1 according to their 90-day survival status
From: Predicting 90-day survival of patients with COVID-19: Survival of Severely Ill COVID (SOSIC) scores
SOSIC-1 | SOSIC-7 | SOSIC-14 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Development dataset (n = 3820) | Test dataset (n = 424) | Development dataset (n = 2585) | Test dataset (n = 292) | Development dataset (n = 1164) | Test dataset (n = 185) | |||||||||||||
90-day status | 90-day status | 90-day status | 90-day status | 90-day status | 90-day status | |||||||||||||
Alive (2665) | Died (1165) | P value | Alive (291) | Death (133) | P value | Alive (1845) | Died (740) | P value | Alive (217) | Died (75) | P value | Alive (1251) | Died (413) | P value | Alive (142) | Died (43) | P value | |
Age, years | 61 (53–69) | 68 (59–74) | < 0.01 | 61 (50–68) | 65 (58–73) | < 0.01 | 61 (53–69) | 67 (59–73) | < 0.01 | 61 (51–68) | 64 (58–72) | 0.02 | 62 (53–69) | 66 (58–72) | < 0.01 | 63 (52–69) | 64 (56–72) | 0.20 |
Women | 696 (26) | 286 (25) | 0.30 | 75 (26) | 28 (21) | 0.30 | 467 (25) | 169 (23) | 0.20 | 54 (25) | 11 (15) | 0.07 | 299 (24) | 84 (20) | 0.82 | 34 (24) | 4 (9) | 0.04 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 (26–32) | 28 (25–32) | 0.01 | 29 (26–33) | 28 (25–31) | 0.20 | 29 (26–33) | 28 (25–32) | < 0.01 | 29 (26–33) | 29 (26–31) | 0.80 | 29 (26–33) | 28 (25–31) | < 0.01 | 29 (25–34) | 29 (25–30) | 0.30 |
Treated hypertension | 1,173 (45) | 637 (55) | < 0.01 | 137 (47) | 71 (54) | 0.20 | 848 (46) | 388 (53) | 0.03 | 101 (47) | 38 (51) | 0.50 | 593 (48) | 204 (50) | 0.50 | 72 (51) | 20 (48) | 0.70 |
Known diabetes | 632 (24) | 416 (36) | < 0.01 | 72 (25) | 47 (36) | 0.02 | 449 (25) | 261 (36) | < 0.01 | 51 (24) | 25 (34) | 0.08 | 313 (25) | 141 (35) | < 0.01 | 35 (25) | 12 (29) | 0.60 |
Immunocompromiseda | 162 (6) | 121 (11) | < 0.01 | 16 (6) | 15 (12) | 0.03 | 123 (7) | 67 (9) | 0.03 | 14 (6) | 8 (11) | 0.20 | 88 (7) | 37 (9) | 0.2 | 8 (6) | 1 (2) | 0.70 |
Clinical frailty scale | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.30 | < 0.01 | 0.70 | ||||||||||||
1–2 | 1611 (67) | 466 (45) | 188 (58) | 57 (47) | 1100 (66) | 334 (51) | 143 (71) | 37 (55) | 736 (66) | 205 (56) | 91 (59) | 24 (61) | ||||||
3–4 | 725 (30) | 459 (39) | 76 (27) | 51 (42) | 515 (31) | 174 (42) | 52 (25) | 27 (40) | 398 (32) | 151 (41) | 38 (29) | 14 (36) | ||||||
≥ 5 | 70 (3) | 104 (9) | 10 (4) | 12 (10) | 42 (3) | 46 (7) | 8 (4) | 3 (5) | 29 (3) | 14 (4) | 3 (2) | 1 (3) | ||||||
1st symptom(s)-to-ICU admission interval, day | 9 (7–12) | 8 (5–11) | < 0.01 | 9 (7–12) | 8 (5–11) | < 0.01 | 9 (7–11) | 8 (5–11) | < 0.01 | 9 (7–12) | 8 (5–10) | 0.02 | 9 (6–11) | 8 (5–11) | 0.20 | 10 (7–12) | 8 (5–10) | 0.01 |
1st 24 h in ICU | ||||||||||||||||||
Bacterial coinfection | 173 (7) | 95 (8) | 0.06 | 15 (5) | 15 (12) | 0.02 | 130 (7) | 59 (8) | 0.40 | 12 (9) | 4 (9) | 0.90 | 86 (7) | 35 (9) | 0.81 | 12 (9) | 4 (9) | 0.90 |
Ventilation profileb | < 0.01 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.70 | < 0.01 | 0.40 | ||||||||||||
Standard O2 therapy | 575 (22) | 115 (10) | 61 (21) | 15 (12) | 269 (15) | 73 (10) | 31 (14) | 9 (12) | 152 (12) | 41 (10) | 17 (12) | 6 (14) | ||||||
High-flow O2 | 403 (16) | 105 (9) | 46 (16) | 13 (10) | 229 (13) | 57 (8) | 29 (14) | 8 (11) | 114 (9) | 30 (7) | 11 (8) | 4 (9) | ||||||
Noninvasive ventilation | 88 (3) | 57 (5) | 7 (2) | 6 (5) | 44 (2) | 36 (5) | 5 (2) | 3 (4) | 27 (2) | 21 (5) | 2 (1) | 2 (5) | ||||||
Invasive MV | 1505 (59) | 861 (76) | 173 (60) | 96 (74) | 1259 (70) | 564 (77) | 54 (73) | 149 (70) | 928 (76) | 315 (77) | 30 (71) | 112 (79) | ||||||
SOFA components | ||||||||||||||||||
Respiratory | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | < 0.01 | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2.7–4) | < 0.01 | 3 (2–3) | 3 (3–4) | < 0.01 | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.40 | 3 (2–3) | 3 (3–4) | 0.02 | 3 (3–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.90 |
Cardiovascular | 0 (0–3) | 3 (0–4) | < 0.01 | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 0.05 | 1 (0–4) | 3 (0–4) | < 0.01 | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.90 | 1 (0–4) | 3 (0–4) | 0.01 | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.93 |
Renal | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.01 | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–2) | < 0.01 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.01 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2) | < 0.01 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.01 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.01 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | < 0.01 | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | < 0.01 | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | < 0.01 | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.20 | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | < 0.01 | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.10 |
Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | < 0.01 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.70 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | < 0.01 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.3) | 0.90 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.03 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.60 |