Table 1 Patient characteristics in the No-CLS and CLS groups

General patient characteristics

 Age (mean ± SD)

62 ± 17

67 ± 13

0.021

 BMI (mean ± SD)

26 ± 5

28 ± 6

0.044

 Male (%)

55 (58%)

58 (58%)

0.749

 Died on ICU (%)

1 (1%)

12 (12%)

0.003

Past medical history

 Hypertension (%)

48 (51%)

54 (54%)

0.774

 Myocardial infarction (%)

4 (4%)

6 (6%)

0.750

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)

3 (3%)

12 (12%)

0.031

 Chronic heart failure (%)

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

1

 Atrial fibrillation (%)

10 (11%)

20 (20%)

0.112

Prior medication

 ACE inhibitors (%)

25 (26%)

29 (29%)

0.874

 ß-Receptor-Blockers (%)

21 (22%)

47 (47%)

0.001

 Calcium channel blockers (%)

6 (6%)

5 (5%)

0.760

 Diuretics (%)

11 (12%)

27 (27%)

0.011

 Statins (%)

13 (14%)

17 (17%)

0.693

 Aspirin (%)

17 (18%)

23 (23%)

0.484

 NSAIDs (%)

6 (6%)

5 (5%)

0.760

 Antidiabetics (%)

12 (13%)

10 (10%)

0.508

 Antiasthmatics (%)

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

0.469

 Psychopharmaceuticals (%)

3 (3%)

12 (12%)

0.031

Diagnosis on ICU

 Sepsis (%)

5 (5%)

56 (56%)

 < 0.001

 ARDS (%)

0 (0%)

6 (6%)

0.030

 AKI (%)

32 (34%)

58 (58%)

0.003

 ALF (%)

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

1

 Shock (%)

10 (11%)

41 (41%)

 < 0.001

Characteristics during surgery

 Blood loss, mL (median ± IQR)

300 (175–525)

650 (139–2050)

0.003

 Fluid balance, mL (median ± IQR)

3250 (2150–5338)

4700 (3500–8300)

0.002

 Gastric surgery

3 (3%)

0

0.073

 Pancreatic surgery

12 (13%)

1 (1%)

0.001

 Hepatobiliary surgery

9 (10%)

2 (2%)

0.05

 Bowel resection

22 (23%)

31 (31%)

0.219

 Tumor Debulking

12 (13%)

9 (9%)

0.414

 Cystectomy

3 (3%)

0

0.073

 Thoracoabdominal surgery

7 (7%)

4 (4%)

0.199

 Emergency Laparotomy

1 (1%)

17 (17%)

 < 0.001

 Vascular surgery

0

6 (6%)

0.015

 Gynecological surgery

8 (8%)

4 (4%)

0.199

 Other

18 (19%)

26 (26%)

0.239