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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a nationwide cohort study on the comparison between the first and the consecutive upsurges of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands

Characteristic

Total

Wave 1

In-between

Wave 2

Wave 3

P value

Wave 2 vs. Wave 1

P value

Wave 3 vs. Wave 1

Number All

12,723

2812

505

4471

4935

  

Number with linkage clinical records, N (%)

12,030 (94.6)

2733 (97.2)

480 (95.0)

4215 (94.3)

4602 (93.3)

  

Age, Mean (SD)

62.8 (11.6)

63.1 (11.3)

61.8 (12.7)

64.3 (11.3)

61.3 (11.7)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Gender, N (%) Male

8389 (69.7)

1973 (72.2)

325 (67.7)

3013 (71.5)

3078 (66.9)

0.5392

 < 0.001

BMI, N (%) < 18.5 kg/m2

49 (0.4)

9 (0.3)

5 (1)

18 (0.4)

17 (0.4)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

18.5–25 kg/m2

2303 (19.1)

597 (21.8)

93 (19.4)

815 (19.3)

798 (17.3)

  

25–30 kg/m2

4811 (40)

1218 (44.6)

188 (39.2)

1663 (39.5)

1742 (37.9)

  

30–35 kg/m2

2892 (24)

568 (20.8)

104 (21.7)

1014 (24.1)

1206 (26.2)

  

35–40 kg/m2

1157 (9.6)

185 (6.8)

55 (11.5)

437 (10.4)

480 (10.4)

  

 > 40 kg/m2

558 (4.6)

88 (3.2)

20 (4.2)

167 (4)

283 (6.1)

  

Unknown

260 (2.2)

68 (2.5)

15 (3.1)

101 (2.4)

76 (1.7)

  

BMI, Mean (SD)

29.5 (5.5)

28.7 (4.9)

29.4 (5.6)

29.4 (5.4)

30.0 (5.8)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Number of chronic comorbidities*, N (%) 0

7105 (59.1)

1760 (64.4)

267 (55.6)

2261 (53.6)

2817 (61.2)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1

3691 (30.7)

769 (28.1)

168 (35)

1387 (32.9)

1367 (29.7)

  

2

1016 (8.4)

174 (6.4)

34 (7.1)

452 (10.7)

356 (7.7)

  

 > 2

218 (1.8)

30 (1.1)

11 (2.3)

115 (2.7)

62 (1.3)

  

APACHE-IV mortality probability Mean (SD)

0.26 (0.18)

0.26 (0.18)

0.25 (0.20)

0.28 (0.18)

0.25 (0.16)

 < 0.001

0.0236

Diabetes at ICU admission N (%)

2726 (22.7)

521 (19.1)

142 (29.6)

1091 (25.9)

972 (21.1)

 < 0.001

0.0369

Acute renal failure in first < 24 h of ICU admission N (%)

850 (7.1)

252 (9.2)

34 (7.1)

289 (6.9)

275 (6)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

PaO2 at ICU admission (in mmHg) Mean (SD)

78.0 (31.6)

85.0 (35.9)

78.0 (27.6)

76.2 (29.8)

75.6 (30.3)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  1. *Included comorbidities: Immunological, renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular insufficiency, cirrhosis, and malignancy
  2. Wave 1, February, 2020–May 24, 2020
  3. Period in-between, May 25, 2020–October 4, 2020
  4. Wave 2: first and second upsurge of Wave 2, October 5, 2020–January 31, 2021
  5. Wave 3: final upsurge of Wave 2, February 1–June 30, 2021
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