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Table 1 Demographic data and baseline characteristics, ventilation parameters before ECMO day 0

From: Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not associated with survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coronavirus disease 2019

 

All patients n = 101

ICU survivors n = 60

ICU non-survivors n = 41

p value

Age, mean (SD)—years

56 (± 10) n = 101

52 (± 10) n = 60

61 (± 7) n = 41

 < 0.001

Sex, male, no. (%)

71 (70)

39 (65)

32 (78)

0.2655

BMI, mean (SD)—kg/m2

31 (± 6) n = 101

31 (± 6) n = 60

31 (± 6) n = 41

0.946

RESP score, median (IQR)

2 (1–4) n = 101

2 (1–4) n = 60

1 (0–2) n = 41

0.001

SOFA, median (IQR)

8 (7–10) n = 101

8 (7–9) n = 60

9 (8–11) n = 41

0.0002

Apache II, mean (SD)

20 (± 3) n = 67

19 (± 3) n = 45

21 (± 3) n = 22

0.2791

IMV pre-ECMO, median (IQR)—days

7.7 (3.6–12.5) n = 101

7.8 (2.5–12.5) n = 60

6.8 (4–12.4) n = 41

0.9586

IMV < 7 days, no. (%)

48 (48) n = 101

27 (45) n = 60

21 (51) n = 41

0.6805

IMV < 10 days, no. (%)

66 (65) n = 101

39 (65) n = 60

27 (66) n = 41

1

Comorbidities

    

 Arterial hypertension, no. (%)

60 (59) n = 101

32 (53) n = 60

28 (68) n = 41

0.1946

 Coronary artery disease, no. (%)

13 (13) n = 101

7 (12) n = 60

6 (15) n = 41

0.765

 Obesity, no. (%)

35 (35) n = 101

22 (37) n = 60

13 (32) n = 41

0.7631

 Diabetes mellitus, no. (%)

25 (25) n = 101

14 (23) n = 60

11 (27) n = 41

0.8689

 Underlying pulmonary disease, no. (%)

19 (19) n = 101

8 (13) n = 60

11 (27) n = 41

0.1484

 Immunosuppression, no. (%)

3 (3) n = 101

1 (2) n = 60

2 (5) n = 41

0.5645

 Chronic kidney disease, no. (%)

6 (6) n = 101

5 (8) n = 60

1 (2) n = 41

0.3967

 No underlying disease, no. (%)

19 (19) n = 101

14 (23) n = 60

4 (10) n = 41

0.1124

Pre-ECMO

    

 PaO2/FiO2, median (IQR)

74.2 (61–109) n = 93

82.7 (63.1–121.7) n = 54

72.3 (60.3–86.7) n = 39

0.1818

 PaO2, median (IQR)—mmHg

81.8 (70.3–96.4) n = 101

82.2 (71.5–94.8) n = 60

81 (69.3–96.5) n = 41

0.6332

 PaCO2, median (IQR)—mmHg

47.8 (41.9–56.3) n = 101

49.5 (42.6–55) n = 60

45.8 (40.9–56.3) n = 41

0.2715

 pH, median (IQR)—mmHg

7.4 (7.4–7.5) n = 101

7.4 (7.4–7.5) n = 60

7.4 (7.4–7.5) n = 41

0.841

 BE, median (IQR)—mmol/L

6.7 (3.9–9.1) n = 101

7.1 (4.2–9.3) n = 60

5.7 (2.7–8.9) n = 41

0.354

 Prone positioning, no. (%)

101 (100) n = 101

60 (100) n = 60

41 (100) n = 41

1

 iNO, no. (%)

22 (21) n = 101

10 (17) n = 60

12 (29) n = 41

0.4812

 Tracheostomy, no. (%)

5 (6)

2 (4)

3 (8)

.

Ventilation pre-ECMO day 0

 

 PEEP, mean (SD)—cmH2O

13 (± 3) n = 94

13 (± 4) n = 55

13 (± 3) n = 39

0.6673

 Tidal volume, mean (SD)—ml

443 (± 149) n = 94

442 (± 172) n = 55

443 (± 110) n = 39

0.9854

 Tidal volume, mean (SD)—ml/kg IBW

6 (± 2) n = 89

6 (± 3) n = 54

7 (± 2) n = 39

0.7108

 Respiratory rate, mean (SD)—/min

22 (± 5) n = 94

22 (± 5) n = 55

23 (± 5) n = 39

0.3307

 Plateau pressure, mean (SD)—cmH2O

31 (± 5) n = 94

31 (± 6) n = 55

31 (± 5) n = 39

0.5097

 Peak pressure, mean (SD)—cmH2O

31 (± 5) n = 94

31 (± 6) n = 55

31 (± 5) n = 39

0.5097

 Driving pressure, mean (SD)—cmH2O

18 (± 5) n = 94

18 (± 6) n = 55

19 (± 4) n = 39

0.3251

 Mechanical power, median (IQR)—J/min

30 (22–38) n = 94

29 (21–38) n = 55

31 (24–37) n = 39

0.5142

  1. Metric data are reported by mean (± SD) or by median (IQR), n gives the number of available observations. Variation in RESP score was due almost exclusively to variation in age, therefore we also considered a version of the RESP score without age
  2. ICU intensive care unit, RESP respiratory ECMO survival prediction, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, BMI body mass index, PaO2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, PaCO2 partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, BE base excess, iNO inhaled nitric oxide, IBW ideal body weight. IBW female = 45.5 + 0.9 * (height [cm]—152); IBW male = 50 + 0.9 * (height [cm]—152); driving pressure = peak pressure—PEEP; mechanical power = 0.098 × respiratory rate × tidal volume (l) × (Δ Pinsp + PEEP)