Variables | All patients n = 189 | ICU ventilator n = 143 (75.7) | Transport ventilator n = 46 (24.3) | P value | N missinga | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
Age (years) | 65 [57–73] | 65 [56–74] | 65 [60–73] | 0.90 | ||
Male sex | 140 (74.1) | 112 (78.3) | 28 (60.9) | 0.03 | ||
Active smoking | 11 (6.0) | 9 (6.4) | 2 (4.4) | 1.00 | 4 | |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Coronary artery disease | 18 (9.5) | 14 (9.8) | 4 (8.7) | 1.00 | ||
Treated arterial hypertension | 87 (46.0) | 69 (48.3) | 18 (39.1) | 0.31 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 55 (29.1) | 45 (31.5) | 10 (21.7) | 0.26 | ||
Immunodeficiency | 18 (9.5) | 15 (10.5) | 3 (6.5) | 0.57 | ||
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 70 (37.2) | 56 (39.4) | 14 (30.4) | 0.30 | 1 | |
Asthma | 15 (7.9) | 10 (7.0) | 5 (10.9) | 0.37 | ||
COPD | 10 (5.3) | 8 (5.6) | 2 (4.4) | 1.00 | ||
Bronchectasis | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 | ||
Characteristics at ICU admission | ||||||
Epidemic COVID-19 wave | 0.23 | |||||
Wave 1 | 82 (43.4) | 66 (46.2) | 16 (34.8) | |||
Wave 2 | 37 (19.6) | 29 (20.3) | 8 (17.4) | |||
Wave 3 | 70 (37.0) | 48 (33.6) | 22 (47.8) | |||
SAPS II | 40 [34–49] | 41 [34–50] | 40 [35–45] | 0.45 | ||
Day 1, total SOFA scoreb | 6 [4–7] | 6 [4–7] | 6 [4–7] | 0.72 | 1 | |
Respiratory SOFA score | 3 [3, 4] | 3 [3, 4] | 3 [-4] | 0.18 | ||
Cardiovascular SOFA score | 3 [0–3] | 3 [0–3] | 3 [0–3] | 0.96 | ||
Renal SOFA score | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–0] | 0.28 | 1 | |
Neurological SOFA score | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.89 | ||
Hepatic SOFA score | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.13 | 1 | |
Coagulation SOFA score | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–1] | 0.28 | 1 | |
Time from symptom onset to ICU admission (days) | 9 [6–11] | 8 [6–12] | 9 [6–11] | 0.84 | 1 | |
Time from hospitalization to ICU admission (days) | 1 [0–3] | 1 [0–3] | 2 [0–4] | 0.04 | 1 | |
Pulmonary co-infection at ICU admission | 16 (8.5) | 13 (9.1) | 3 (6.5) | 0.70 | ||
Oxygen requirements at ICU admission (L/min) | 15 [15–15] | 15 [15–15] | 15 [13–15] | 0.71 | 4 | |
Laboratory tests at ICU admission | ||||||
Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.5 [1.2–1.9] | 1.6 [1.3–2.0] | 1.4 [1.2–1.7] | 0.03 | 1 | |
LDH (IU/L) | 724 [532–915] | 759 [609–1002] | 580 [464–763] | < 0.001 | 3 | |
Lymphocytes (G/L) | 0.66 [0.45–0.95] | 0.70 [0.45–1.00] | 0.62 [0.43–0.84] | 0.17 | 6 | |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 167 [94–242] | 170 [95–245] | 147 [86–200] | 0.25 | 23 | |
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.4 [0.2–1.1] | 0.4 [0.2–1.3] | 0.3 [0.2–0.7] | 0.16 | 26 | |
d-dimers (ng/mL) | 1525 [883–2550] | 1750 [970–2650] | 1090 [770–1730] | 0.02 | 27 | |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 73 [60–98] | 78 [62–101] | 66 [53–88] | 0.02 | 1 | |
Troponin (ng/mL) | 0.01 [0.01–0.02] | 0.01 [0.01–0.03] | 0.01 [0.01–0.02] | 0.44 | 25 | |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 383 [156–973] | 473 [188–1021] | 311 [143–670] | 0.27 | 70 |