Table 2 Sedation choices by continent before the COVID-19 pandemic

Drugs usually used for sedation

 Midazolam^a

65.1

80.9

92.3

 Lorazepam^a

10.1

4.4

16.6

 Haloperidol^b

20.7

20.3

28.3

 Morphine^a

45.6

17.2

17.6

 Fentanyl^a

77.5

19.1

53.6

 Propofol^a

50.9

91.9

78.1

 Remifentanil^a

0.6

27.9

6.1

 Dexmedetomidine^a

64.5

61.00

67.9

 Ketamine^a

5.9

25.7

34.2

 Quetiapine^a

14.2

8.3

29.2

Sedative drugs used for sedation in patients with septic shock

 Midazolam^a

34.9

64.6

69.1

 Lorazepam

3

0.7

2.7

 Haloperidol^b

4.1

0.7

3.9

 Morphine^a

32.5

11.8

7

 Fentanyl^a

79.9

25

66.1

 Propofol^a

6.5

46.6

44.7

 Remifentanil^a

0.59

20.3

10.2

 Dexmedetomidine^a

20.1

12

30.9

 Ketamine^a

8.3

16.2

32

 Quetiapine^b

2.4

0.3

4.2

Sedative drugs used for sedation in patients with ARDS

 Midazolam^a

49.7

66.7

80.4

 Lorazepam^b

0.6

0.3

4

 Haloperidol

2.4

1

3

 Morphine^a

39

14.5

10

 Fentanyl^a

82.3

29.9

73

 Propofol^a

22.5

67.2

65.6

 Remifentanil^a

0

21.6

10.26

 Dexmedetomidine^a

35.5

11.8

26.1

 Ketamine^a

2.4

16.4

30.9

 Quetiapine

3.6

0.5

3.9

Sedative drugs used for sedation in agitated patients under noninvasive ventilation

 Midazolam^b

20.1

13.7

8.9

 Lorazepam

5.3

5.9

8.1

 Haloperidol^b

23.7

35.3

34

 Morphine^b

13.6

14.5

23.7

 Fentanyl^a

32

6.1

14.9

 Propofol^a

3

25.5

10.8

 Remifentanil^a

1.8

9.6

3.7

 Dexmedetomidine^a

38.5

55.9

75.5

 Ketamine^a

0.6

7.4

16.6

 Quetiapine^a

13

10.3

31.7