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Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics in derivation and validation cohorts

From: Cell cycle arrest biomarkers for predicting renal recovery from acute kidney injury: a prospective validation study

Variables

Derivation cohort (n = 194)

Validation cohort (n = 185)

p value

Baseline characteristics

 Age (year)

61 (50, 71)

60 (49, 74)

0.773

 Female gender

117 (60.3)

122 (65.9)

0.239

 BMI (kg/m2)

19.9 (17.3, 21.3)

20.7 (17.7, 22.1)

0.603

 APACHE II score

15 (10, 18)

14 (10, 18)

0.228

 Nonrenal SOFA score

5 (1, 8)

5 (2, 8)

0.543

 Baseline serum creatinine (μmol/L)

63.8 (53.5, 73.3)

65.4 (50.4, 73.2)

0.617

Admission type

 Medical

30 (15.5)

27 (14.6)

0.732

 Surgical (abdominal surgery)

93 (47.8)

86 (46.5)

0.892

 Surgical (non-abdominal surgery)

55 (28.4)

52 (28.1)

0.945

 Emergency

16 (8.3)

20 (10.8)

0.634

Main reason for admission

 Respiratory system

59 (30.4)

58 (32.4)

0.624

 Circulatory system

65 (33.5)

59 (31.9)

0.710

 Digestive system

42 (21.6)

43 (23.2)

0.547

 Urinary system

17 (8.8)

17 (9.2)

0.812

 Others

11 (5.7)

8 (4.3)

0.634

Comorbidities

 COPD/asthma

20 (10.3)

20 (10.8)

0.869

 Cardiovascular disease

40 (20.6)

43 (23.2)

0.536

 Chronic liver disease

42 (21.6)

41 (22.2)

0.902

 Diabetes

49 (25.2)

40 (21.6)

0.467

 Hypertension

91 (46.9)

79 (42.7)

0.469

 CKD

10 (5.1)

7 (3.9)

0.623

Sepsis

89 (45.8)

69 (37.3)

0.102

Mechanical ventilation

160 (82.5)

151 (81.6)

0.894

PaO2/FiO2

308.3 (232.5, 405.5)

316.0 (216.0, 403.3)

0.433

Use of vasopressor

68 (35.1)

61 (33.0)

0.658

Use of diuresis

28 (14.4)

23 (12.4)

0.724

AKI diagnosed by UO criteria

65 (33.5)

64 (34.6)

0.812

AKI diagnosed by SCr criteria

129 (66.5)

121 (65.4)

0.845

Serum creatinine diagnosing AKI (μmol/L)

128.6 (86.2, 173.4)

132.5 (90.4, 178.6)

0.415

Peak serum creatinine (μmol/L)

273.5 (154.6, 412.3)

292.3 (174.6, 432.5)

0.228

AKI classification

 Stage 1

104 (53.6)

94 (38.7)

0.588

 2

58 (29.9)

58 (44.0)

0.526

 3

32 (16.5)

33 (17.8)

0.713

Outcomes

 Renal recovery in 7 days

115 (59.3)

105 (56.8)

0.677

 Renal recovery at hospital discharge

112 (57.7)

103 (55.7)

0.683

 Need of RRT in ICU

35 (18.1)

30 (19.3)

0.583

 Hospital mortality

33 (9.2)

33 (8.6)

0.893

 30-day mortality

34 (13.3)

42 (12.9)

0.393

  1. Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%). AKI diagnosed by UO criteria was defined as patients who were diagnosed by UO criteria and/or SCr criteria, meanwhile AKI classification by UO criteria was equal or greater than SCr criteria. Otherwise, AKI was diagnosed by SCr criteria. Persistent AKI was defined as kidney dysfunction without recovery within 48 h
  2. AKI acute kidney injury, BMI body mass index, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Of Organ Failure Assessment, CKD chronic kidney disease, UO urine output, RRT renal replacement therapy