Table 1 Characteristics and medical history at enrollment (3 months after COVID-19 symptoms onset)
Patients (n = 85) | |
|---|---|
Age, years | 68.4 (60.1–72.9) |
Male | 67 (78.8%) |
Smoking status | |
Current smoker | 1 (1.2%) |
Former smoker | 49 (57.6%) |
Never smoker | 35 (41.2%) |
Comorbidities before SARS-CoV-2 infection | |
Obesity | 28 (32.9%) |
Class I (BMI 30–34.9) | 15 (53.6%) |
Class II (BMI 35–39.9) | 10 (35.7%) |
Class III (BMI ≥ 40) | 3 (10.7%) |
Cardiovascular | |
Ischemic heart disease | 9 (10.6%) |
Heart failure | 1 (1.2%) |
Atrial fibrillation | 7 (8.2%) |
Stroke | 2 (2.4%) |
Respiratory diseases | |
COPD | 7 (8.2%) |
Asthma | 6 (7.1%) |
Sleep apnea | 16 (18.8%) |
Other cardiovascular risk factors | |
Hypertension | 44 (51.8%) |
Diabetes | 21 (24.7%) |
Dyslipidemia | 27 (31.8%) |
Thromboembolic disease | |
Deep vein thrombosis | 4 (4.7%) |
Pulmonary embolism | 0 (0.0%) |
Intensive care unit | |
Length of stay (days) | 17 (11.0–26.5) |
Intubation | 73 (85.9%) |
Neuromuscular blocking agents (N = 72)a | 71 (98.6%) |
High flow oxygen therapyb | 35 (41.2%) |
Before intubation | 14 (16.5%) |
After intubation | 29 (41.4%) |
Non-invasive ventilationb | 12 (14.1%) |
Before intubation | 1 (1.2%) |
After intubation | 10 (14.1%) |
Prone position | 62 (73.8%) |
Pulmonary embolism | 20 (23.5%) |
Hospital stay | |
Length of hospitalization (days) | 45 (20–62) |
In-hospital COVID-directed treatments | |
Corticosteroids | 36 (42.4%) |
Remdisivir | 5 (5.9%) |
Lopinavir | 9 (10.6%) |
Ritonavir | 10 (11.8%) |
Hydroxychloroquine | 54 (63.5%) |
Azithromycin | 45 (52.9%) |
Others macrolides | 55 (64.7%) |
Rehabilitation post hospitalization | |
Admission in rehabilitation units | 57 (67.1%) |
Return home with rehabilitation | 11 (12.9%) |
Return home without rehabilitation | 17 (20.0%) |