Patients with VAP (n = 176) | Patients without VAP (n = 160) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 141 (80.1) | 106 (66.2) | 0.004 |
Age, years | 66 (57–73) | 68 (57–74) | 0.38 |
BMI, kg m−2 | 28.5 (25.0–31.6) | 28.5 (24.9–33.1) | 0.64 |
Past or current smoking | 70 (39.8) | 62 (38.7) | 0.91 |
Chronic diseases | |||
Diabetes mellitus COPD Respiratory, others Cardiac Hepatic Renal Immune deficiency Solid or haematological malignancy Others | 49 (27.8) 19 (10.8) 28 (15.9) 55 (31.2) 17 (9.7) 11 (6.2) 20 (11.4) 11 (6.2) 9 (5.1) | 46 (28.7) 21 (13.1) 17 (10.6) 44 (27.5) 12 (7.5) 17 (10.6) 33 (20.6) 23 (14.4) 12 (7.5) | 0.90 0.61 0.20 0.47 0.56 0.17 0.02 0.02 0.38 |
ARDS aetiology | |||
COVID-19 Other causes | 69 (39.2) 107 (60.8) | 32 (20.0) 128 (80.0) | 0.0001 |
SAPS 2 at ICU admission | 49 (38–66) | 51 (38–67) | 0.60 |
SOFA score at ICU admission | 8 (5–10) | 8 (6–11) | 0.11 |
Lymphocyte count, mm−3 | |||
ICU admission Day 7 Day 14 | 760 (500–1220) 775 (487–1202) 970 (637–1407) | 705 (400–1152) 810 (520–1210) 1000 (620–1505) | 0.18 0.78 0.73 |
ARDS classification (Berlin definition)a | |||
Mild Moderate Severe | 23 (13.1) 57 (32.4) 96 (54.5) | 27 (16.9) 59 (36.9) 74 (46.2) | 0.29 |
ARDS-targeted therapies | |||
Prone positioning Number of days Neuromuscular blocking agents | 92 (52.3) 7 (2–13) 128 (72.7) | 35 (21.9) 2 (1–6) 81 (50.6) | < 0.0001 0.0006 < 0.0001 |
Corticosteroids (all pooled)b | 81 (46.0) | 88 (55.0) | 0.10 |
Proton pump inhibitorb | 161 (91.5) | 143 (89.4) | 0.58 |
Intra-hospital transportb | 107 (60.8) | 77 (48.1) | 0.02 |
Life-sustaining therapies | |||
Invasive MV duration, overall, days Vasopressors Renal replacement therapy VA-ECMO VV-ECMO | 17 (12–29) 157 (89.2) 52 (29.5) 4 (2.3) 13 (7.4) | 7 (5–10) 123 (76.9) 33 (20.6) 3 (1.9) 2 (1.2) | < 0.0001 0.003 0.08 1 0.007 |